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Basic Information Sources about the ZIka Virus: Facts, Information, Guidance, Guidelines, and Reports
.
http://tinyurl.com/hg9ze36
.
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
GUIDES :
FACT SHEETS :
INFORMATION SOURCES:
Basic Information Sources about the Zika Virus:
Facts, Information, Guidance, Guidelines, and Reports
.
.
“Zika virus spreads to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito
(Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). People can also get Zika through sex with an infected man, and
the virus can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The most common symptoms of
Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The illness is usually mild with
symptoms lasting for several days to a week after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika.
For this reason, many people might not realize they have been infected. However, Zika virus
infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly, as well as other
severe fetal brain defects. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from
future infections.
Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika Forest in Uganda. In 1952, the
first human cases of Zika were detected and since then, outbreaks of Zika have been reported in
tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in
many locations. Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been documented, although other cases
were likely to have occurred and were not reported. Because the symptoms of Zika are similar to
those of many other diseases, many cases may not have been recognized.
In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first
confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Local transmission has been reported in many other countries and territories. Zika virus will likely
continue to spread to new areas.”
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/index.html
*
What we know
No vaccine exists to prevent Zika virus disease (Zika).
Zika virus is mostly spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Prevent Zika by avoiding
mosquito bites (see below).
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly during the daytime.
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Zika virus can be spread during sex by a man infected with Zika to his sex partners.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html
.
Steps to prevent mosquito bites
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic-steps-to-prevent-mosquito-bites
OR
http://tinyurl.com/hxyk8pc
When in areas with Zika and other diseases spread by mosquitoes, take the following steps[PDF – 2 pages]:
Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside.
Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home.
Sleep under a mosquito bed net if you are overseas or outside and are not able to protect yourself
from mosquito bites.
Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents with one of the following
active ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol.
Choosing an EPA-registered repellent ensures the EPA has evaluated the product for effectiveness.
When used as directed, EPA-registered insect repellents are proven safe and effective, even for
pregnant and breast-feeding women.
Always follow the product label instructions.
Reapply insect repellent as directed.
Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing.
If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before applying insect repellent.
To protect your child from mosquito bites:
Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months old.
Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children
younger than 3 years old.
Dress your child in clothing that covers arms and legs.
Cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with mosquito netting.
Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated skin.
Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands and then apply to a child’s face.
Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items.
Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to learn
how long the protection will last.
If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully.
Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat clothing.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with
Zika should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks. These steps will prevent them from
passing Zika to mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.
Sick with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika? Protect yourself and others from mosquito bites
during the first week of illness.
Sick with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika?
If you have Zika, protect others from getting sick
During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an
infected person to another mosquito through mosquito bites. An infected mosquito can then
spread the virus to other people.
To help prevent others from getting sick, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites[PDF –
2 pages] during the first week of illness.
A man with Zika virus can pass it to his female or male sex partners.
Zika virus can stay in semen longer than in blood, but we don’t know exactly how long Zika
stays in semen.
To help prevent spreading Zika from sex, you can use condoms, correctly from start to finish,
every time you have sex. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis) sex.
Not having sex is the only way to be sure that someone does not get sexually transmitted Zika virus.
If you are a man who lives in or has traveled to an area with Zika
If your partner is pregnant, either use condoms correctly (warning: this link contains sexually
graphic images) from start to finish, every time you have vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis)
sex, or do not have sex during the pregnancy.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with Zika should
take steps to prevent mosquito bites[PDF – 2 pages] for 3 weeks so they do not spread Zika to
mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.
If you are concerned about getting Zika from a male sex partner
You can use condoms correctly from start to finish, every time you have vaginal, anal, and oral
(mouth-to-penis) sex. Condoms also prevent HIV and other STDs. Not having sex is the only way to
be sure that you do not get sexually transmitted Zika virus.
Pregnant women should talk to a doctor or other healthcare provider if they or their male sex
partners recently traveled to an area with Zika, even if they don’t feel sick.
Information for travelers
Traveling? Visit CDC’s Travelers Health website to see if the country you plan to visit has any travel
health notices.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with
Zika should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks so they do not spread Zika to mosquitoes
that could spread the virus to other people.
CDC has posted maps that show elevation levels in countries with Zika.
Mosquito Bite Prevention for Travelers [PDF – 2 pages]
Read the Traveler’s Health Yellow Book for more information on Protection against
Mosquitoes, Ticks, Fleas & Other Insects and Arthropods.
Additional Resources
Guidelines for Travelers Visiting Friends and Family in Areas with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika
Guidelines for US Citizens and Residents Living in Areas with Ongoing Zika Virus Transmission
Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus – United States, 2016
Zika and Sexual Transmission
Through mosquito bites
From mother to child
Through sexual contact
Through blood transfusion
Through laboratory exposure
Risks
Anyone who lives in or travels to an area where Zika virus is found and has not already been infected
with Zika virus can get it from mosquito bites. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to
be protected from future infections.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html
*
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html
What we know
Pregnant women can be infected with Zika virus.
The primary way that pregnant women get Zika virus is through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Zika virus can be spread by a man to his sex partners.
A pregnant woman can pass Zika virus to her fetus.
Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or at delivery.
What we do not know
If a pregnant woman is exposed
We don’t know how likely she is to get Zika.
If a pregnant woman is infected
We don’t know how the virus will affect her or her pregnancy.
Listen to the “Zika and Pregnancy” Podcast
Pregnant woman holding her stomachWhat Pregnant Women Need to Know
We don’t know how likely it is that Zika will pass to her fetus.
We don’t know if the fetus is infected, if the fetus will develop birth defects.
We don’t know when in pregnancy the infection might cause harm to the fetus.
We don’t know whether her baby will have birth defects.
We don’t know if sexual transmission of Zika virus poses a different risk of birth defects than
mosquito-borne transmission.
More Discussion in More Information
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/index.html
Zika and microcephaly
Since May 2015, Brazil has experienced a significant outbreak of Zika virus. In recent months,
Brazilian officials reported an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly.
Since these initial reports of a link between Zika and microcephaly, researchers across the world began
working to study the link between Zika during pregnancy and microcephaly. In a recent article, CDC
scientists announced that there is now enough evidence to conclude that Zika virus infection during
pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects and has been linked to
problems in infants, including eye defects, hearing loss, and impaired growth. Scientists are studying the
full range of other potential health problems that Zika virus infection during pregnancy may cause.
Other possible causes of microcephaly
Microcephaly can happen for many reasons. Some babies have microcephaly because of
Changes in their genes
Certain infections during pregnancy
A woman being close to or touching toxins during pregnancy
Recent media reports have suggested that a pesticide called pyriproxyfen might be linked with microcephaly.
Pyriproxyfen has been approved for the control of disease-carrying mosquitoes by the World Health Organization.
Pyriproxyfen is a registered pesticide in Brazil and other countries, it has been used for decades,
and it has not been linked with microcephaly. In addition, exposure to pyriproxyfen would not explain recent
study results showing the presence of Zika virus in the brains of babies born with microcephaly.
Zika and Other Birth Outcomes
In addition to microcephaly, other problems have been detected among fetuses and infants infected with Zika
virus before birth, such as eye defects, hearing loss, and impaired growth. Although Zika virus is a cause of
microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects and has been linked with these other problems in infants,
there is more to learn. Researchers are collecting data to better understand the extent Zika virus’ impact
on mothers and their children.
Future Pregnancies
Based on the available evidence, we think that Zika virus infection in a woman who is not pregnant would not
pose a risk for birth defects in future pregnancies after the virus has cleared from her blood. From what we
know about similar infections, once a person has been infected with Zika virus, he or she is likely to be protected
from a future Zika infection.
*
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/index.html
*
Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Women of Reproductive Age with Possible
Zika Virus Exposure – United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure – United States, 2016 (Feb. 5, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak—United States, 2016 (Jan. 22, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure
Infants and Children
UPDATE: Interim Guidelines for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants and Children with Possible Zika
Virus Infection – United States, February 2016 (Feb. 19, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection –
United States, 2016 (Jan. 29, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants and Children
with Possible Zika Virus Infection
Sexual Transmission
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus –
United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus –
United States, 2016 (Feb. 12, 2016)
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinical-guidance.html
*
Modes of Transmission
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis and Reporting
Treatment
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html
*
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html
*
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/registry.html
*
Testing Algorithms
Health Care for Infants
Fact Sheets on Zika Virus Testing
Preconception Counseling
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/tools.html
*
In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika
virus in the Western Hemisphere, with autochthonous (locally acquired) cases identified in Brazil.
As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or territories
in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization [PAHO] link below
for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission). Further spread to other
countries in the region is likely.
Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States. However,
Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States. With the recent
outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or
returning to the United States likely will increase. These imported cases may result in local spread of
the virus in some areas of the continental United States, meaning these imported cases may result in
human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus.
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash,
arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior
to illness onset. Clinical disease usually is mild. However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus
infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women
infected during pregnancy. We do not yet understand the full spectrum of outcomes that might be
associated with infection during pregnancy, nor the factors that might increase risk to the fetus.
Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy.
Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health
department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. State health departments
are requested to report laboratory-confirmed cases to CDC. CDC is working with states to expand
Zika virus laboratory testing capacity, using existing RT-PCR protocols.
This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical
disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who
are trying to become pregnant. Until more is known and out of an abundance of caution, pregnant
women should consider postponing travel to any area where
Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who do travel to these areas should talk to their
doctors or other healthcare providers first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
Women trying to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare providers before traveling to these
areas and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
http://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00385.asp
*
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/
*
If you’ve been thinking about traveling to warmer climates or have been catching a few news stories, you
may have heard about something called the Zika virus — a disease spread primarily through mosquito bites.
Zika causes mild illness in some, however, we are closely tracking and responding to recent outbreaks of
this virus because the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued reports that indicate Zika may be linked
to serious birth defects in babies of mothers who were infected with this virus while pregnant.
While this virus is not new, it is new to the Americas. The first case was reported in Brazil just last spring.
Since that time, it has spread through South and Central America, and the Caribbean. No locally transmitted
Zika cases from mosquitoes have been reported in the continental U.S., but cases have been reported in
travelers returning from areas where Zika is present. As Zika continues to spread in our region, the number
of cases among travelers visiting or returning to the U.S. is likely to increase.
In addition to serving as part of the President’s national security team, I am also a mom. I personally know
how important it is to have all of the information you need to keep yourself and your family healthy and safe.
There is still much we don’t know about this virus but we’re learning more every day. To help keep you
up-to-date as we learn more, we have all the latest updates you need in one place:
http://www.cdc.gov/Zika
Topics Covered in this Whitehouse Document
What is the Zika virus?
How is the President working with local leaders to combat Zika?
How is Zika transmitted?
Where are people contracting Zika?
Who is at risk of being infected?
Why are there specific recommendations for pregnant women?
What can I do to prevent a Zika infection?
Should we be concerned about Zika in the United States?
What is the President doing to help combat and control the spread of the Zika virus?
https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/01/27/zika-virus-what-you-need-know
*
Areas with active Zika virus transmission
Epidemiology
Zika cases diagnosed in the UK
Symptoms
The majority of people infected with Zika virus have no symptoms. For those with symptoms,
Zika virus tends to cause a mild, short-lived (2 to 7 days) illness. Signs and symptoms suggestive
of Zika virus infection may include a combination of the following:
rash
itching/pruritus
fever
headache
arthralgia/arthritis
myalgia
conjunctivitis
lower back pain
retro-orbital pain
The symptoms of Zika are similar to dengue (caused by a related flavivirus) or chikungunya
(an alphavirus), which are often co-circulating in areas where Zika virus is present. Laboratory
testing is essential for the correct diagnosis.
Serious complications and deaths from Zika are not common. However, based on a growing body
of research there is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and other congenital
anomalies (also referred to as congenital Zika syndrome), and Guillain-Barré syndrome
(World Health Organization, 14 April 2016).
Transmission
Advice for all travellers
Preventing infection by mosquito bites
Preventing infection by sexual transmission
Pregnant women and their male partners who are planning to travel
Pregnant women who have travelled
Women planning pregnancy and their male partners
Immunocompromised individuals
Guidance for primary care
Zika and pregnancy
Guidance for neonatologists
Zika and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Zika and immunocompromised patients
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surveillance for congenital Zika syndrome
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
*
This news article was withdrawn on 30 June 2016
Public Health England is constantly monitoring the Zika situation and updating advice accordingly.
For the latest recommendations, see our guidance pages.
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
This Withdrawn Document Covers
Travel and pregnancy
Preventing sexual transmission
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/zika-virus-updated-travel-advice-for-pregnant-women
*
Contents
What is the Zika virus?
How is the Zika virus transmitted?
What are the symptoms of Zika virus infection?
What are the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy?
How is Zika virus infection diagnosed?
What is the treatment for Zika virus infection?
Is there a vaccine or medication that prevents Zika virus infection?
How can Zika virus infection be prevented?
http://www.aafp.org/patient-care/emergency/zika-virus.html
*
This page contains information for clinicians and public health practitioners about Zika virus.
This is a rapidly evolving situation. Monitoring of Zika virus will occur on an ongoing basis with updates
to this website as important information comes to hand. Check regularly for the latest information.
DF printable version of Zika virus – information for clinicians and public health practitioners – PDF 57 KB
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
Zika virus infection is generally a non-severe febrile viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes.
Zika virus infection should be considered in people who have recently travelled overseas.
Scientific evidence particularly from outbreaks of Zika virus in Brazil and French Polynesia show that
a Zika virus infection in a pregnant woman can be transmitted to the fetus, and can cause certain
congenital abnormalities (including microcephaly). Further studies are required to understand the
degree of risk of an adverse outcome occurring and the factors that influence this risk.
Specific travel precautions are recommended for pregnant women or women planning pregnancy.
Summary of recommendations for clinicians and public health practitioners
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute fever, rash, arthralgia or
conjunctivitis, who have travelled in the two weeks prior to onset of illness to areas with
current or recent local transmission of Zika virus; refer to the Department of Health
webpage for the current country list.
All travellers should take steps to avoid mosquito bites in order to prevent Zika virus
infection and other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria and chikungunya.
Pregnant women are advised to consider postponing travel to any area with current or
recent local Zika virus transmission
Pregnant women who do decide to travel to one of these areas are advised to consult with
a doctor first and strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures during their trip.
Women trying to become pregnant are advised to consult with a doctor before travelling and
strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures.
Women who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission
and who are pregnant are advised to consult a doctor and be evaluated, refer to Interim
recommendations for assessment of pregnant women returning from Zika virus-affected areas.
Men who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission and
have a partner who is pregnant or planning pregnancy are advised to consult a doctor to discuss
recommendations for preventing sexual transmission, refer to Interim recommendations for
reducing the risk of sexual transmission of Zika virus.
Zika virus infection is notifiable in Australia as a flavivirus (unspecified) infection and should be
notified to state and territory health departments.
In North Queensland and parts of Central Queensland where suitable mosquito vectors are present,
clinicians should immediately report clinically suspected cases of Zika virus infection to local public
health units, as they do for suspected cases of dengue. Public health Authorities will take action to
mitigate the risk of local transmission.
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm
*
http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr15-16/english/panels/hs/papers/hs20160215cb2-836-3-e.pdf
OR
http://tinyurl.com/zdwbyx8
*
http://tinyurl.com/zyxrcm3
http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr15-16/english/panels/fseh/papers/fseh20160412cb2-1220-5-e.pdf
*
http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/index.html
*
STATISTICS : RESEARCH GUIDES : INSTRUCTIONS: How to Use the United States
Government Agency Section of the Statistics Resources Research Guide for Statistical Data
Sources on Specific Topic Searches
Briefly, do you need statistical information about the zika virus, I just added this month this
government agency
Data and the Uses of Data FROM The National Institute
INFECTIOUS DISESES AND ALLERGIES :
STATISTICS :
DATA :
DEMOGRAPHICS :
COUNTRIES: UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT:
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE:
Search Results for Statistical Data and the Uses of Data
FROM The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
http://tinyurl.com/guazj8u
Then Using this link
Google Domain Limited Web Search (PUBMED)
http://tinyurl.com/zhgzvdz
I run this search
zika AND (“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease” OR NIAID) AND (statistics OR
statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic) AND SITE: PUBMED
382 results
http://tinyurl.com/josc69y
Different Searches have different goals
“Domain” limits to PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, JSTOR, NCJRS and so forth find sources from
those databases or discussion of the same from other sources.
Domain limits to GOV finds government sources, not limited to the United States Federal Government
flint AND michigan AND lead AND water AND (“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease”
OR NIAID) AND (statistics OR statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic)
AND SITE: GOV
About 12,700 results
http://tinyurl.com/h2wrcpg
and there will always be false drops mixed in with the on topic finds
*
Home – ASPR Blog – PHE Home
www.phe.gov/…/default1.aspx
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness an…
Families in Flint, Michigan are experiencing a public health crisis resulting from … water
On January 19, President Obama designated the HHS as the lead …. Visit challenge.gov and
once on the main page, click on the Solutions tab on the left ….. Disease (NIAID) released a
Funding Opportunity Announcement to establish …
.
Michigan governor issues appeal over Flint funds denial – News – Yahoo
news.yahoo.com/michigan-governor-issues-appeal-over-flint-funds-den...
Yahoo! News
Mar 3, 2016 – (Reuters) – Michigan Governor Rick Snyder has urged federal … deal with the
crisis caused by lead-contaminated water in the city of Flint, his office said on Thursday. …
Egyptian President Says Submarine Sent to EgyptAir Crash Site …. The NIAID Director and
ABC News’ Dr. Richard Besser discuss how to …
Former State Lawmaker Thinks Water Crisis “Vastly … – CNN.com
transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1601/21/nday.04.html
.
CNN
Jan 21, 2016 – CUOMO: Outrage over the Flint water crisis is growing across the country, but …
Bill Ballenger is a former Michigan state senator and representative. … country, children under
age 6, with elevated lead levels in their blood right now. …. knows, director of the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, …
CDC director: What we’re doing about the Zika virus – CDC Blogs
blogs.cdc.gov/…/cdc-director-what-were-d...
*****************************************
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Feb 1, 2016 – To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: …
What is the government doing? …. Zika virus outbreak, we do not currently have data on risk
factors for severe Zika virus disease. We do …… We Must focus on the victims in
FLINT MICHIGAN and other cities in the US by helping them to …
******************************************
Returning to “Different Searches have different goals”
Limiting to Images, the original pages often have solid information and tables, graphs and charts
Limiting to Videos: Here one may find instruction on how to use the data or explaing what is out there
Books: Detailed discussion of statistical sources from these agencies
Scholar: A way to find out how the data is being used and if there is a methods section in the
found research articles, guidance on how to use the data in research.
TRIP: Evidence Based Research Sources
PogoFrog: A medical grab bag of sources.
This in a large nutshell is what the government agency section of my statistics resources research
guide can do for its users.
http://tinyurl.com/z6evsnr
*
Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; t
he Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia;
Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago;
US Virgin Islands
Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
Zika Virus Health Advisory Infographics
Questions and Answers: Zika risk at high elevations
Special Populations
Guidelines for Travelers Visiting Friends and Family in Areas with Chikungunya,
Dengue, or Zika
Guidelines for US Citizens and Residents Living in Areas with Ongoing
Zika Virus Transmission
For Clinicians
Zika: For Healthcare Providers on CDC’s Zika site
Zika in CDC Health Information for International Travel – “Yellow Book”
Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus —
United States, 2016
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Women of Reproductive
Age with Possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States, 2016
Countries with Endemic Zika
Some countries in Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Asia have reported Zika in the past and
may continue to occasionally report new cases. The risk to travelers in these endemic
countries is likely much lower than it is in countries with Zika epidemics
(see Q&A: Zika Risk in Countries with Endemic Zika). Because Zika infection in a pregnant
woman causes severe birth defects, pregnant women should consult with their health care
provider and, if they decide to travel, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites. Travel
notices have not been issued for these destinations but would be considered if the number of
cases rises to the level of an outbreak. Check this page for the most up-to-date information
before you make travel plans.
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Vietnam
The Pacific Islands: Easter Island, Vanuatu
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
HEARING DATE: FEBRUARY 24, 2016 2:00 PM 2154 RAYBURN HOB
PURPOSE:
• To examine the coordinated federal response to the spread of the Zika virus both
within the United States (US) and internationally.
• To address confusion and misinformation surrounding measures taken at home and
abroad to prevent further transmission of Zika, especially with the 2016 Summer Olympics
taking place in Brazil.
BACKGROUND:
• The Zika virus is a disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
• The World Health Organization estimates between 3 million to 4 million cases of the
Zika virus could appear in the Americas over a 12 month period.
• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of February 17, 2016 82
travel-associated Zika cases were reported in the US.
• President Obama requested $1.8 billion in emergency funding to prepare for and respond
to the spread of Zika.
WITNESSES AND TESTIMONIES
Name Title Organization Panel Document
Dr. Anne Schuchat Principal Deputy Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Document
Dr. Anthony Fauci Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health Document
Dr. John Armstrong Surgeon General and Secretary of Health State of Florida Document
Dr. Bill Moreau Managing Director for Sports Medicine United States Olympic Committee Document
http://tinyurl.com/hj2pwvn
*
Summary:
The Zika virus is spread to people through the bite of infected mosquitos. About 1 in 5 people who
get infected with Zika virus will show symptoms.
In the past several weeks, increased cases of Zika virus disease (Zika) have been reported in South
and Central America, and to a limited degree in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory,
and the US Virgin Islands. Zika is a little known illness spread by a certain type of mosquito.
Although most people who may be exposed to Zika virus will have only mild or no symptoms, there
has been evidence linking Zika virus to negative effects on pregnancies in some cases, which has
received widespread public attention. We understand that this news is concerning, especially to
pregnant women and their families who may travel to or live in affected areas. Here are some
answers to common questions about Zika.
What is Zika?
Zika and Pregnancy
How to Protect Yourself from Zika
Zika in the Continental US?
What HHS is Doing
http://www.hhs.gov/blog/2016/01/28/zika-101.html
*
https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/01/26/zika-virus-an-emerging-health-threat/
*
Zika Virus: Zika Virus Infection: Everything You Need to Know about Zika Virus: Symptoms, Diagnosis
and Treatment (Microcephaly Symptoms, Treatment of Zika Virus, Prevention of Zika Virus)
Author Jason Jackson
Publisher CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
ISBN 1523787406, 9781523787401
Length 36 pages
http://tinyurl.com/hestwfc
*
Zika News for the General Public
Zika Updates for Health Authorities
Zika Resources
Alerts and Updates
Case Definitions
Technical Reports and
Guidelines
Communication Materials
Strategy and Resource Mobilization
Risk Communication and Community Engagement
WHO Website
http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11585&Itemid=41688&lang=en
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jg7nw7d
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
BBC News: Zika Outbreak: What You Need to Know
By James Gallagher, Health editor,
BBC News website
31 May 2016
From the section Health
less…
https://publichealth30.wordpress.com/2016/07/16/sportmed-medical-diseases-zika-bbc-news-zika-outbreak-what-you-need-to-know/
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jcdch73
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses :
Zika Virus: Symptoms, Facts, Diagnosis
Written by Lori Smith BSN MSN CRNP
Knowledge Center
Last updated: Fri 15 July 2016
Medical News Today (MNT)
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305163.php
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN:
Zika Virus FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
Zika Virus
FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/zika-virus/Pages/Introduction.aspx
*
Technical Guidance
Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus
Updated 7 June 2016
Vector control operations framework for Zika virus
30 May 2016
Pregnancy management in the context of Zika virus infection
Updated 13 May 2016
Surveillance for Zika virus infection, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome
6 April 2016
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice surveys Zika virus disease and potential complications
24 March 2016
Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection
23 March 2016
Risk communication and community engagement for Zika virus prevention and control
11 March 2016
All publications and resources
http://tinyurl.com/jq7zonu
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
*
Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia;
Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Eustatius; Sint Maarten;
Trinidad and Tobago; US Virgin Islands
Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm
OR
http://tinyurl.com/z6jftwu
*
Key facts
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes.
People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms including mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis,
muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days.
There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Links to other neurological complications are also being investigated.
Introduction
Signs and Symptoms
Complications of Zika virus disease
Transmission
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
WHO response
WHO is supporting countries to control Zika virus disease by taking actions outlined in the
“Zika Strategic Response Framework”:
Define and prioritize research into Zika virus disease by convening experts and partners.
Enhance surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications.
Strengthen capacity in risk communication to engage communities to better understand
risks associated with Zika virus.
Strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus.
Support health authorities to implement vector control strategies aimed at reducing Aedes
mosquito populations.
Prepare recommendations for the clinical care and follow-up of people with complications related
to Zika virus infection, in collaboration with experts and other health agencies.
Zika Strategic Response Framework
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
*
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/response/en/
*
Zika virus sequences
Search nucleotide and protein sequences
Virus Variation how to guide
More Zika virus information
NCBI Zika virus reference genome
Publications in PubMed
NLM Zika virus health information resources
External Zika virus resources
HealthMap
CDC
WHO
ViralZone
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/variation/Zika/
*
U.S. Federal Agencies
U.S. Organizations
International Organizations
National Government (non-U.S.) Web Sites
Pregnancy and Zika Virus
Free Resources from Publishers for Medical Responders
Biomedical Journal Literature and Reports
Situation Reports
Genome, Sequences, and Virus Variation
Laboratory Detection and Diagnosis of Zika Virus
Clinical Trials
Research, Development and Funding
Surveillance and Control of Mosquito Vectors
Travel
Maps
Social Media
Multi-Language Resources
Health Resources for the Public
U.S. Federal Agencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika Virus
Also in Spanish.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report – Zika Reports
National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika and Birth Defects: The Evidence Mounts
NIH Director’s Blog – Zika Virus: An Emerging Health Threat
National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health
Zika Virus
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Zika Virus Response Updates from FDA
Office of Human Services Emergency Preparedness and Response, Administration
for Children & Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What Head Start or Child Care Programs Need to Know About Zika Virus
History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
Global Health Events Historical archive of Web documents on Ebola and Zika Virus.
U.S. Organizations
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Zika Virus: Guidance and Information for Health Care Providers
American Academy of Pediatrics
Zika Virus
American Medical Association
Zika Virus Resource Center
American Nurses Association
Zika Virus Information
American Public Health Association
Zika
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP), University of Minnesota
Zika
International Organizations
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Zika virus infection
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization
Zika Virus Infection
Also available in Spanish.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Zika virus and complications
Zika virus disease
WHO Zika App
iOS version
Android version
International Society for Infectious Diseases
ProMed-mail in English
ProMed-mail in Portuguese, focusing on Latin America
ProMed-mail in Spanish, focusing on Latin America
https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/zikavirus.html
*
Letter From President Obama — Zika Virus
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
Dear Mr. Speaker:
Today, I ask the Congress to consider the enclosed FY 2016 emergency supplemental
appropriations request of approximately $1.9 billion to respond to the Zika virus both
domestically and internationally. This funding would build upon ongoing preparedness
efforts and provide resources for the Departments of Health and Human Services and
State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Funding would
support immediate response activities to prevent the spread of, prepare for, and respond
to Zika virus transmission; fortify domestic public health systems to prevent, detect, and
respond to Zika virus transmission; speed research, development, and procurement of
vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics; provide emergency assistance to States and the
U.S. Territories to combat the virus; provide additional Federal Medicaid funding in
Puerto Rico and the other U.S. Territories for health services for pregnant women at risk
of infection or diagnosed with Zika virus, and for children with microcephaly, and for
other health care costs; and enhance the ability of Zika-affected countries to better combat
mosquitoes, control transmission, and support affected populations.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 50 laboratory-confirmed cases of
the Zika virus among U.S. travelers from December 2015 – February 5, 2016. In addition,
the Pan American Health Organization reports 26 countries and territories in the Americas
with local Zika transmission. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared
the Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
My foremost priority is to protect the health and safety of Americans. This request supports
the necessary steps to fortify our domestic health system, detect and respond to any potential
Zika outbreaks at home, and to limit the spread in other countries.
The request includes approximately $1.9 billion to respond to Zika virus transmission across
the United States and internationally. In addition, transfer authority is requested to allow for
sufficient response and flexibility across the Federal Government to address changing
circumstances and emerging needs related to the Zika virus.
My Administration requests that the funding described above be designated as emergency
requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985, as amended.
I urge the Congress to act expeditiously in considering this important request, the details of
which are set forth in the enclosed letter from the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget.
Sincerely,
BARACK OBAMA
For Immediate Release
February 22, 2016
https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/22/letter-president-zika-virus
*
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/public-health/zika-resource-center.page
OR
http://tinyurl.com/je7nu9d
*
http://tinyurl.com/je7nu9d
Resources for the Public
What you need to know about Zika virus
Information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Frequently asked questions about Zika virus
Videos, fact sheets and other information from the World Health Organization (WHO) that
explain what the virus is, which symptoms to look for and how to protect your family
Zika virus infection, prevention and recommendations for pregnant women
Infographics, frequently asked questions, interactive games and more
from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and WHO
Zika and pregnancy
Latest information from the CDC for pregnant women
Information for parents about Zika virus
Latest information from the CDC for parents
Zika virus disease
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) patient page from April 13
How to protect against mosquito bites
Latest information from the CDC
Zika-infected areas
World map and list of countries and territories with active Zika transmission, provided by the CDC
CDC issues advice for travel to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games
Press release from Feb. 26
Resources for Physicians
Understanding Zika Virus
Zika virus information for health care professionals
Includes clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing information from the CDC
Interim CDC Zika response plan
Initial response to Zika virus Infections in continental U.S. and Hawaii
CDC Zika Action Plan Summit
Presentations and Resources from April 1
Zika and pregnancy
CDC Vital Signs from April 1
Possible Zika virus infection among pregnant women — United States and territories, May 2016
MMWR from May 20
CDC changes reporting of numbers of pregnant women affected by Zika virus
CDC media statement from May 20
Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus — Texas, January 2016
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) from April 15
Survey of blood collection centers and implementation of guidance
for prevention of transfusion-transmitted Zika virus infection — Puerto Rico, 2016
MMWR from April 15
Estimating contraceptive needs and increasing access to contraception in response
to the Zika virus disease outbreak — Puerto Rico, 2016
MMWR from March 25
Travel-associated Zika virus disease cases among U.S. residents —
United States, January 2015–February 2016
MMWR from March 18
Zika virus infection among U.S. pregnant travelers — August 2015–February 2016
MMWR from March 4
Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to areas of ongoing
transmission — continental United States, 2016
MMWR from March 4
Notes from the field: Evidence of Zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues
from 2 congenitally infected newborns and 2 fetal losses—Brazil, 2015
MMWR from Feb. 10
Increase in reported prevalence of microcephaly in infants born to women living in
areas with confirmed Zika virus transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy —
Brazil, 2015
MMWR from March 8
Zika virus emergency preparedness and response
Latest information from the WHO
Zika virus infection
Information and resources from the PAHO and WHO
Zika virus spreads to new areas: Region of the Americas
MMWR from Jan. 22
Clinical Guidance
Zika virus—what clinicians need to know
CDC webinar from Jan. 26
CPT codes for Zika-related imaging and lab test procedures
Last updated April 15
Diagnostic testing of urine specimens for suspected Zika virus infection
CDC Health Advisory from May 25
Updated interim guidance for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus —
United States, 2016 MMWR from April 1
Updated interim guidance for health care providers caring for women of reproductive
age with possible Zika virus exposure — United States, 2016
MMWR from March 25
Preventing transmission of Zika virus in labor and delivery settings through
implementation of standard precautions — United States, 2016
MMWR from March 22
Updated interim guidelines for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus —
United States, 2016
CDC Health Advisory from Feb. 23
Interim guidelines for health care providers caring for infants and children with possible
Zika virus infection
MMWR from Feb. 19
Recommendations for donor screening, deferral, and product management to reduce
the risk of transfusion-transmission of Zika virus
FDA guidance Feb. 2016
Updated interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and
women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure
MMWR from Feb. 12
Updated interim guidelines for the evaluation and testing of infants with possible
congenital Zika virus infection
MMWR from Feb. 26
Interim guidelines for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak
MMWR from Jan. 22
Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly
MMWR from Jan. 22
Questions and answers for health care providers caring for pregnant women and
women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure
CDC resource updated Feb. 9
Recognizing, managing and reporting Zika virus infections in travelers returning
from Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Mexico
CDC Health Advisory from Jan. 15
Medical Journal Articles
On the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the Zika Virus vector mosquito
Aedes Aegypti in the contiguous United States
PLOS Current Outbreaks published March 16
Is the United States prepared for a major Zika virus outbreak?
JAMA Viewpoint published April 13
Zika virus
New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) from March 30
Pregnancy in the time of Zika: addressing barriers for developing vaccines
and other measures for pregnant women
JAMA Viewpoint published March 22
Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro — preliminary report
NEJM from March 4
Infectious Zika viral particles in breast milk
Lancet Correspondence from March 1
Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia:
a case-control study
Lancet from Feb. 26
Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil:
a case study
Lancet Infectious Disease from Feb. 17
“Pregnancy in the time of Zika: addressing barriers for developing vaccines and
other measures for pregnant women”
JAMA Viewpoint published Feb. 24
“Researchers focus on solving the Zika riddles”
Commentary on establishing causality, vaccine research, and containment
published in JAMA Feb. 24
“What pediatricians and other clinicians should know about Zika virus”
JAMA Pediatrics Viewpoint published Feb. 18
“Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed
Zika virus congenital infection in Salvador, Brazil”
Significant new clinical data on the Zika virus and infants, published online
in JAMA Ophthalmology, Feb. 9
“Zika virus infection and the eye”
Commentary on ocular findings in infants, published online in
JAMA Ophthalmology, Feb. 9
“The emerging Zika pandemic: Enhancing preparedness”
JAMA Viewpoint published Jan. 27
“Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil”
Published in The Lancet, Jan. 23
“Zika virus in the Americas—yet another arbovirus threat”
Commentary published in The New England Journal of Medicine, Jan. 13
(e-publication ahead of print)
Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus
CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases dispatch from Feb. 2015
Medical Products
Zika virus response updates
Latest from FDA
FDA allows use of investigational test to screen blood donations for Zika virus
FDA press release from March 30
Occupational Exposure
Interim guidance for protecting workers from occupational exposure to Zika Virus
OSHA and NIOSH guidance from April 22
Research
Potential research priorities to inform public health and medical practice
for domestic Zika virus: workshop in brief
Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary from Feb. 16
Notice of NIAID’s interest to highlight high-priority Zika virus research areas
Research notice by the National Institutes of Health from Jan. 22
Vector Control
Interim recommendations for Zika vector control in the continental United States
CDC from March 18
FDA announces comment period for draft environmental assessment for
genetically engineered mosquito
FDA from March 11
Advocacy Letters
AMA Letter to the House, May 26, 2016
AMA Letter to the Senate, May 26, 2016
http://tinyurl.com/pxbe3hv
.
.
WEBBIB1617
http://tinyurl.com/gtdzaq3
.
.
http://guides.temple.edu/c.php?g=524279&p=3584186#s-lg-box-wrapper-13043118
OR
http://tinyurl.com/htvsrd2
*
less…
http://guides.temple.edu/c.php?g=524279&p=3584186#s-lg-box-wrapper-13043119
OR
http://tinyurl.com/z829tqn
*
http://guides.temple.edu/c.php?g=524279&p=3584186#s-lg-box-wrapper-13043156
OR
http://tinyurl.com/h5vbk7o
*
http://guides.temple.edu/c.php?g=524279&p=3584186#s-lg-box-wrapper-13043364
OR
http://tinyurl.com/z3pu4ap
*
https://sites.google.com/site/zikavirusresearchguide/news-reports-and-editorials-about-the-zika-virus
OR
http://tinyurl.com/htvsrd2
*
https://sites.google.com/site/zikavirusresearchguide/books-and-selected-book-chapters-about-the-zika-virus
OR
http://tinyurl.com/hlhbn9h
*
https://sites.google.com/site/zikavirusresearchguide/journal-articles-and-research-reports-about-the-zika-virus
OR
http://tinyurl.com/hnndnwg
*
https://sites.google.com/site/zikavirusresearchguide/news-reports-and-editorials-about-thezika-virus
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jzngtmk
*
*
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=ZIKA
*
https://www.google.com/#q=%22ZIKA+VIRUS%22+AND+SITE:+PUBMED
*
https://www.google.com/#q=%22ZIKA+VIRUS%22+AND+PUBMED
*
https://www.google.com/#q=%22ZIKA+VIRUS%22+AND+SITE:+SCIENCEDIRECT
.
Zika Virus and Complications:
Questions and Answers
World Health Organization (WHO)
http://www.who.int/features/qa/zika/en/
.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)
About Zika
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/
What we know
· Zika is spread mostly by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). These mosquitoes are aggressive daytime biters. They can also bite at night.
· Zika can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Infection during pregnancy can cause certain birth defects.
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/index.html
· Zika is not currently being spread by mosquitoes in the continental United States. The mosquitoes that can carry Zika are found in some areas of the United States.
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/range.html
· There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
*
·
OVERVIEW
How Zika spreads, symptoms, risks, prevention and more…
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html
CDCZika Virus HomeAbout Zika
Overview
Language:
English
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How Zika spreads
Zika can be transmitted through
· Mosquito bites
· From a pregnant woman to her fetus
· Sex
· Blood transfusion (very likely but not confirmed)
Learn how Zika is transmitted >>Zika symptoms![most common symptoms]()
Many people infected with Zika virus won’t have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms of Zika are
· Fever
· Rash
· Joint pain
· Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
Other symptoms include:
· Muscle pain
· Headache
Symptoms can last for several days to a week. People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika. Once a person has been infected with Zika, they are likely to be protected from future infections.
Learn about symptoms >>
Why Zika is risky for some people
Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a birth defect of the brain called microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects. Other problems have been detected among fetuses and infants infected with Zika virus before birth, such as defects of the eye, hearing deficits, and impaired growth. There have also been increased reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome, an uncommon sickness of the nervous system, in areas affected by Zika.
Learn about risks >>
How to prevent Zika
There is no vaccine to prevent Zika. The best way to prevent diseases spread by mosquitoes is to protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites. Here’s how
![Treat your clothing]()
Clothing
· Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
· Treat your clothing and gear with permethrin or buy pre-treated items.
![using insect spray]()
Insect repellant
· Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents with one of the following active ingredients:
DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol. Always follow the product label instructions.
· When used as directed, these insect repellents are proven safe and effective even for pregnant and breastfeeding women.
· Do not use insect repellents on babies younger than 2 months old.
· Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old.
![Mosquito netting]()
At Home
· Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside.
· Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home.
· Mosquito netting can be used to cover babies younger than 2 months old in carriers, strollers, or cribs.
· Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
![Using condoms or not having sex to prevent Zika]()
Sexual transmission
· Prevent sexual transmission of Zika by using condoms or not having sex.
Learn about prevention >>
How Zika is diagnosed
· Diagnosis of Zika is based on a person’s recent travel history, symptoms, and test results.
· A blood or urine test can confirm a Zika infection.
· Symptoms of Zika are similar to other illnesses spread through mosquito bites, like dengue and chikungunya.
· Your doctor or other healthcare provider may order tests to look for several types of infections.
Learn about diagnosis >>
![how to treat zika]()
What to do if you have Zika
There is no specific medicine or vaccine for Zika virus. Treat the symptoms:
· Get plenty of rest.
· Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.
· Take medicine such as acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain.
· Do not take aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
· If you are taking medicine for another medical condition, talk to your healthcare provider before taking additional medication.
Learn about treatment >>
History of Zika
Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika Forest in Uganda. In 1952, the first human cases of Zika were detected and since then, outbreaks of Zika have been reported in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in many locations. Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been documented, although other cases were likely to have occurred and were not reported. Because the symptoms of Zika are similar to those of many other diseases, many cases may not have been recognized.
Related Resources
Zika 101 Presentation
English[PPT – 3.7 MB]
· Spanish[PPT – 3.7 MB]
Zika: The Basics of the Virus and How to Protect Against I
· English[PDF – 2 pages]
· Spanish[PDF – 2 pages]
Fact Sheets
Learn more about Zika with our fact sheets and posters.
.
CDCZika Virus HomeAbout Zika
Questions About Zika
Language:
English
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On this Page
· What is Zika?
· How do people get infected with Zika?
· What health problems can result from getting Zika?
· Should pregnant women travel to areas where Zika has been confirmed?
· If I am traveling outside the United States, should I be concerned about Zika?
· What can people do to prevent Zika?
· What are the symptoms of Zika virus disease?
· How is Zika diagnosed?
· Can someone who returned from a country or US territory with Zika get tested for the virus?
· What should pregnant women who have recently traveled to an area with Zika do?
Q: What is Zika?
A: Zika virus disease is caused by the Zika virus, which is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting up to a week, and many people do not have symptoms or will have only mild symptoms. However, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe brain defects.
Q: How do people get infected with Zika?
A: Zika is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). A pregnant woman can pass Zika to her fetus during pregnancy or around the time of birth. Also, a man with Zika can pass it to sex partners. We encourage people who have traveled to or live in places with Zika to protect themselves by preventing mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.
Q: What health problems can result from getting Zika?
A: Many people infected with Zika will have no symptoms or mild symptoms that last several days to a week. However, Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), an uncommon sickness of the nervous system, is also very likely triggered by Zika in a small number of cases.
Once someone has been infected with Zika, it’s very likely they’ll be protected from future infections. There is no evidence that past Zika infection poses an increased risk of birth defects in future pregnancies.
Q: Should pregnant women travel to areas where Zika has been confirmed?
A: No. Pregnant women should not travel to any area with Zika. Travelers who go to places with outbreaks of Zika can be infected with Zika, and Zika infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects.
Q: If I am traveling outside the United States, should I be concerned about Zika?
A: Travelers who go to places with Zika can be infected with Zika, and CDC has issued travel notices for people traveling to those areas. Many people will have mild or no symptoms. However, Zika can cause microcephaly and other severe birth defects. For this reason, pregnant women should not travel to any area with Zika, and women trying to get pregnant should talk to their doctors before traveling or before their male partners travel. It is especially important that women who wish to delay or avoid pregnancy consistently use the most effective method of birth control that they are able to use. Those traveling to areas with Zika should take steps during and after they travel to prevent mosquito bites and sexual transmission of Zika.
Q: What can people do to prevent Zika?
A: The best way to prevent Zika is to protect yourself and your family from mosquito bites:
· Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents
· Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
· Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available or if sleeping outdoors.
Zika can be spread by men to their sex partners. People whose male sex partners have traveled to or live in an area with Zika can prevent Zika by using condoms condoms correctly every time they have sex or by not having sex.
Q: What are the symptoms of Zika virus disease?
A: The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain, and red eyes. Other symptoms include muscle pain and headache. Many people infected with Zika won’t have symptoms or will have mild symptoms, which can last for several days to a week.
Q: How is Zika diagnosed?
A: To diagnose Zika, your doctor will ask you about recent travel and symptoms you may have, and collect blood or urine to test for Zika or similar viruses.
Q: Can someone who returned from a country or US territory with Zika get tested for the virus?
A: Zika virus testing is performed at CDC and some state and territorial health departments. See your doctor if you have Zika symptoms and have recentlyvisited an area with Zika. Your doctor may order tests to look for Zika or similar viruses like dengue and chikungunya.
Q:What should pregnant women who have recently traveled to an area with Zika do?
A: Pregnant women who have recently traveled to an area with Zika should talk to their doctor about their travel, even if they don’t feel sick. Pregnant women should see a doctor if they have any Zika symptoms during their trip or within 2 weeks after traveling. All pregnant women can protect themselves by avoiding travel to an area with Zika, preventing mosquito bites, and following recommended precautions against getting Zika through sex.
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· Page last reviewed: July 13, 2016
· Page last updated: July 13, 2016
· Content source:
o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)
.
Top 5 things everyone needs to know about Zika.
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/needtoknow.html
CDCZika Virus HomeAbout Zika
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Many areas in the United States have the type of mosquitoes that can spread Zika virus. These mosquitoes are aggressive daytime biters and can also bite at night. Also, a man infected with Zika can pass it to his partners through sex.
· Use EPA-registered insect repellent. It works!
· Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
· Stay in places with air conditioning or window and door screens.
· Remove standing water around your home. Zika is linked to birth defects.
Zika infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly that is a sign of incomplete brain development. Doctors have also found other problems in pregnancies and among fetuses and infants infected with Zika virus before birth. If you are pregnant and have a male partner who lives in or has traveled to an area with Zika, do not have sex, or use condoms the right way, every time, during your pregnancy.
If you must travel to one of these areas, talk to your healthcare provider first and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during your trip.
Zika virus can stay in your blood for about a week. When a mosquito bites you, you can pass the virus to the mosquito. The infected mosquito can then bite other people, who get infected.
Top 5 Things Everyone Needs to Know About ZikaEnglish[PDF – 1 pages]
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Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)
·
CDC’s response to Zika: tracking, training, teaching, testing…
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/whatcdcisdoing.html
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CDC in action: What CDC is doing to help
![Tracking the spread of Zika virus]()
Tracking the spread of Zika virus and other mosquito-borne viruses in the United States and around the world.
![Training disease detectives]()
Training disease detectives to find and report Zika cases.
![Teaching healthcare providers]()
Teaching healthcare providers how to identify Zika.
![Testing Samples]()
Testing samples for Zika and providing laboratories with diagnostic tests.
![Studying Links]()
Studying links between Zika and birth defects andGuillain-Barré syndrome.
![Educating the public]()
Educating the public about Zika virus.
![Advising travelers]()
Advising travelers how to protect themselves while traveling in areas with Zika.
Emergency response
CDC’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is home to hundreds of CDC staff working in collaboration with local, national, and international response partners to analyze, validate, and efficiently exchange information about the Zika outbreak.
The EOC is the command center for monitoring and coordinating the emergency response to Zika, bringing together CDC scientists with expertise in arboviruses like Zika, reproductive health, birth defects, and developmental disabilities, and travel health. Their work includes: Developing laboratory tests to diagnose Zika.
· Conducting studies to learn more about the link between Zika and microcephalyand Guillain-Barré syndrome.
· Monitoring and reporting cases of Zika, which will help improve our understanding of how and where Zika is spreading.
· Providing guidance to travelers and Americans living in areas with current outbreaks.
· Surveillance for the virus in the United States, including US territories.
· Supporting on the ground in areas with Zika.
· Conducting a study to evaluate the persistence of Zika virus in semen and urine among male residents of the United States.
Deployment of CDC staff
EOC has resources to rapidly transport diagnostic kits, samples and specimens, and personnel to areas with Zika. The EOC is serving as CDC’s command center for monitoring and coordinating the emergency response to Zika, including the deployment of CDC staff and the procurement and management of all equipment and supplies that CDC responders may need during deployment.
| CDC Deployment Totals |
| As of 21 June 2016 |
Pending |
Current |
Completed |
| International/Territorial |
| Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| San Salvador, El Salvador |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| Joao Pessoa/Brasilia, Brazil |
0 |
0 |
19 |
| Bogota/Barranquilla, Colombia |
1 |
3 |
41 |
| Lisbon, Portugal |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Mexico City, Mexico |
0 |
0 |
6 |
| Majuro, Marshall Islands |
0 |
1 |
5 |
| Panama City, Panama |
0 |
1 |
6 |
| Pago Pago, American Samoa |
6 |
6 |
24 |
| Paris, France |
0 |
0 |
2 |
| San Juan, PR |
29 |
39 |
214 |
| Christiansted, USVI |
9 |
9 |
34 |
| Geneva, Switzerland |
0 |
0 |
4 |
| Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| Tamuning, Guam |
0 |
0 |
1 |
| |
| Total |
45 |
59 |
361 |
Timeline
· Before 2015, Zika virus disease (Zika) outbreaks occurred in areas of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
· In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first confirmed Zika virus infections in Brazil.
· Currently, outbreaks are occurring in many countries and territories.
· On January 22, 2016, CDC activated its Emergency Operations Center (EOC) to respond to outbreaks of Zika occurring in the Americas and increased reports of birth defects and Guillain-Barré syndrome in areas affected by Zika. On February 8, 2016, CDC elevated its EOC activation to a Level 1, the highest level.
· On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) because of clusters of microcephaly and other neurological disorders in some areas affected by Zika.
· On February 8, 2016, President Obama announced a request for $1.8 billion in emergency funds for several agencies to accelerate research into a vaccine and educate populations at risk for disease.
· On April 13, 2016, CDC scientists announced that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects.
Related Resources
What CDC is Doing
Zika: The Basics of the Virus and How to Protect Against ItEnglish[PDF – 2 pages]
Fact Sheets
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· Page last reviewed: July 13, 2016
· Page last updated: July 13, 2016
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National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
Basic Information Sources about the Zika Virus:
Facts, Information, Guidance, Guidelines, and Reports
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) About Zika Virus Disease
“Zika virus spreads to people primarily through the bite of an infected
Aedes species mosquito (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). People can also
get Zika through sex with an infected man, and the virus can also be passed
from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The most common symptoms of Zika
are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The illness is usually
mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week after being bitten by an
infected mosquito. People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital,
and they very rarely die of Zika. For this reason, many people might not realize
they have been infected. However, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can
cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly, as well as other severe fetal
brain defects. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected
from future infections.
Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika Forest in Uganda.
In 1952, the first human cases of Zika were detected and since then, outbreaks of
Zika have been reported in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in many locations. Before 2007, at least 14
cases of Zika had been documented, although other cases were likely to have occurred
and were not reported. Because the symptoms of Zika are similar to those of many other
diseases, many cases may not have been recognized.
In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding
the first confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil. On February 1, 2016, the World Health
Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern (PHEIC). Local transmission has been reported in many other countries and
territories. Zika virus will likely continue to spread to new areas.”
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus : Prevention
What we know
No vaccine exists to prevent Zika virus disease (Zika).
Zika virus is mostly spread through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Prevent Zika by avoiding mosquito bites (see below).
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly during the daytime.
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Zika virus can be spread during sex by a man infected with Zika to his sex partners.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
Transmission and Risks
Through mosquito bites
From mother to child
Through sexual contact
Through blood transfusion
Through laboratory exposure
Risks
Anyone who lives in or travels to an area where Zika virus is found and has not already
been infected with Zika virus can get it from mosquito bites. Once a person has been
infected, he or she is likely to be protected from future infections.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus : Areas with Zika
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus : For Pregnant Women
What we know
Pregnant women can be infected with Zika virus.
The primary way that pregnant women get Zika virus is through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Zika virus can be spread by a man to his sex partners.
A pregnant woman can pass Zika virus to her fetus.
Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or at delivery.
What we do not know
If a pregnant woman is exposed
We don’t know how likely she is to get Zika.
If a pregnant woman is infected
We don’t know how the virus will affect her or her pregnancy.
Listen to the “Zika and Pregnancy” Podcast
Pregnant woman holding her stomachWhat Pregnant Women Need to Know
We don’t know how likely it is that Zika will pass to her fetus.
We don’t know if the fetus is infected, if the fetus will develop birth defects.
We don’t know when in pregnancy the infection might cause harm to the fetus.
We don’t know whether her baby will have birth defects.
We don’t know if sexual transmission of Zika virus poses a different risk of
birth defects than mosquito-borne transmission.
More Discussion in More Information
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
Vector Surveillance and Control
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/index.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
For Healthcare Providers: Clinical Guidance
Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring
for Women of Reproductive Age with Possible Zika Virus Exposure –
United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Pregnant
Women and Women of Reproductive Age with Possible Zika Virus
Exposure – United States, 2016 (Feb. 5, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak—
United States, 2016 (Jan. 22, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for
Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure
Infants and Children
UPDATE: Interim Guidelines for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants
and Children with Possible Zika Virus Infection –
United States, February 2016 (Feb. 19, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible
Congenital Zika Virus Infection – United States, 2016 (Jan. 29, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants and
Children with Possible Zika Virus Infection
Sexual Transmission
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of
Zika Virus – United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus –
United States, 2016 (Feb. 12, 2016)
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinical-guidance.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
For Healthcare Providers: Clinical Evaluation and Disease
Modes of Transmission
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis and Reporting
Treatment
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
For Healthcare Providers: Diagnostic Testing
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
For Healthcare Providers: US Zika Pregnancy Registry
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/registry.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Zika Virus :
For Healthcare Providers: Tools for Healthcare Providers
Testing Algorithms
Health Care for Infants
Fact Sheets on Zika Virus Testing
Preconception Counseling
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/tools.html
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Emergency Preparedness and Response:
Recognizing, Managing, and Reporting Zika Virus Infections in Travelers Returning from
Central America, South America, the Caribbean, and Mexico : This is an official
In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika virus
in the Western Hemisphere, with autochthonous (locally acquired) cases identified in Brazil.
As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or
territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization
[PAHO] link below for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission).
Further spread to other countries in the region is likely.
Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States.
However, Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States.
With the recent outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among
travelers visiting or returning to the United States likely will increase. These imported cases
may result in local spread of the virus in some areas of the continental United States, meaning
these imported cases may result in human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus.
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular
rash, arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two
weeks prior to illness onset. Clinical disease usually is mild. However, during the current
outbreak, Zika virus infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and
in fetal losses in women infected during pregnancy. We do not yet understand the full spectrum
of outcomes that might be associated with infection during pregnancy, nor the factors that might
increase risk to the fetus. Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika
virus infection during pregnancy.
Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state
health department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. State
health departments are requested to report laboratory-confirmed cases to CDC. CDC is working
with states to expand Zika virus laboratory testing capacity, using existing RT-PCR protocols.
This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical
disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women
who are trying to become pregnant. Until more is known and out of an abundance of caution,
pregnant women should consider postponing travel to any area where
Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who do travel to these areas should talk to
their doctors or other healthcare providers first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites
during the trip. Women trying to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare providers
before traveling to these areas and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
http://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00385.asp
*
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Areas with the Zika Virus
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/
*
· The Zika Virus: What You Need to Know February 23, 2016 at 7:00 PM ET
by Amy Pope FROM The Whitehouse
If you’ve been thinking about traveling to warmer climates or have been catching
a few news stories, you may have heard about something called the Zika virus —
a disease spread primarily through mosquito bites.
Zika causes mild illness in some, however, we are closely tracking and responding
to recent outbreaks of this virus because the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
issued reports that indicate Zika may be linked to serious birth defects in babies of
mothers who were infected with this virus while pregnant.
While this virus is not new, it is new to the Americas. The first case was reported in
Brazil just last spring. Since that time, it has spread through South and Central
America, and the Caribbean. No locally transmitted Zika cases from mosquitoes
have been reported in the continental U.S., but cases have been reported in travelers
returning from areas where Zika is present. As Zika continues to spread in our region,
the number of cases among travelers visiting or returning to the U.S. is likely to increase.
In addition to serving as part of the President’s national security team, I am also a mom.
I personally know how important it is to have all of the information you need to keep
yourself and your family healthy and safe. There is still much we don’t know about this
virus but we’re learning more every day. To help keep you up-to-date as we learn more,
we have all the latest updates you need in one place:
http://www.cdc.gov/Zika.
Topics Covered in this Whitehouse Document
What is the Zika virus?
How is the President working with local leaders to combat Zika?
How is Zika transmitted?
Where are people contracting Zika?
Who is at risk of being infected?
Why are there specific recommendations for pregnant women?
What can I do to prevent a Zika infection?
Should we be concerned about Zika in the United States?
What is the President doing to help combat and control the spread of the Zika virus?
https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/01/27/zika-virus-what-you-need-know
*
· Health protection – Guidance Zika Virus FROM GOV.UK :
Travel and Clinical Advice on Zika: Assessing Pregnant Women Following Travel;
Epidemiology; Symptoms; Transmission.
Areas with active Zika virus transmission
Epidemiology
Zika cases diagnosed in the UK
Symptoms
The majority of people infected with Zika virus have no symptoms. For those with
symptoms, Zika virus tends to cause a mild, short-lived (2 to 7 days) illness. Signs and
symptoms suggestive of Zika virus infection may include a combination of the following:
rash
itching/pruritus
fever
headache
arthralgia/arthritis
myalgia
conjunctivitis
lower back pain
retro-orbital pain
The symptoms of Zika are similar to dengue (caused by a related flavivirus) or
chikungunya (an alphavirus), which are often co-circulating in areas where Zika
virus is present. Laboratory testing is essential for the correct diagnosis.
Serious complications and deaths from Zika are not common. However, based on a
growing body of research there is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of
microcephaly and other congenital anomalies (also referred to as congenital Zika
syndrome), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (World Health Organization, 14 April 2016).
Transmission
Advice for all travellers
Preventing infection by mosquito bites
Preventing infection by sexual transmission
Pregnant women and their male partners who are planning to travel
Pregnant women who have travelled
Women planning pregnancy and their male partners
Immunocompromised individuals
Guidance for primary care
Zika and pregnancy
Guidance for neonatologists
Zika and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Zika and immunocompromised patients
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surveillance for congenital Zika syndrome
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
*
· GOV.UK : HISTORIC DOCUMENT NOW WITHDRAWN :
Zika Virus: Updated Travel Advice for Pregnant Women :
This news article was withdrawn on 30 June 2016
Public Health England is constantly monitoring the Zika situation and updating advice accordingly.
For the latest recommendations, see our guidance pages.
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
This Withdrawn Document Covers
Travel and pregnancy
Preventing sexual transmission
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/zika-virus-updated-travel-advice-for-pregnant-women
*
· American Academy of Family Physicians : Zika Virus Outbreak
Contents
What is the Zika virus?
How is the Zika virus transmitted?
What are the symptoms of Zika virus infection?
What are the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy?
How is Zika virus infection diagnosed?
What is the treatment for Zika virus infection?
Is there a vaccine or medication that prevents Zika virus infection?
How can Zika virus infection be prevented?
http://www.aafp.org/patient-care/emergency/zika-virus.html
*
· Zika Virus – Information for Clinicians dnd Public Health Practitioners :
Department of Public Health. Australian Government
This page contains information for clinicians and public health practitioners about Zika virus.
This is a rapidly evolving situation. Monitoring of Zika virus will occur on an ongoing basis with
updates to this website as important information comes to hand.
Check regularly for the latest information.
DF printable version of Zika virus – information for clinicians and public health practitioners –
PDF 57 KB
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
Zika virus infection is generally a non-severe febrile viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes.
Zika virus infection should be considered in people who have recently travelled overseas.
Scientific evidence particularly from outbreaks of Zika virus in Brazil and French Polynesia
show that a Zika virus infection in a pregnant woman can be transmitted to the fetus, and can
cause certain congenital abnormalities (including microcephaly). Further studies are required
to understand the degree of risk of an adverse outcome occurring and the factors that influence
this risk.
Specific travel precautions are recommended for pregnant women or women planning pregnancy.
Summary of recommendations for clinicians and public health practitioners
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute fever, rash, arthralgia or
conjunctivitis, who have travelled in the two weeks prior to onset of illness to areas with current
or recent local transmission of Zika virus; refer to the Department of Health webpage for the
current country list.
All travellers should take steps to avoid mosquito bites in order to prevent Zika virus infection
and other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria and chikungunya.
Pregnant women are advised to consider postponing travel to any area with current or recent
local Zika virus transmission
Pregnant women who do decide to travel to one of these areas are advised to consult with a doctor
first and strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures during their trip.
Women trying to become pregnant are advised to consult with a doctor before travelling and
strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures.
Women who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission
and who are pregnant are advised to consult a doctor and be evaluated, refer to Interim
recommendations for assessment of pregnant women returning from Zika virus-affected areas.
Men who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission and
have a partner who is pregnant or planning pregnancy are advised to consult a doctor to discuss
recommendations for preventing sexual transmission, refer to Interim recommendations for
reducing the risk of sexual transmission of Zika virus.
Zika virus infection is notifiable in Australia as a flavivirus (unspecified) infection and should be
notified to state and territory health departments.
In North Queensland and parts of Central Queensland where suitable mosquito vectors are present,
clinicians should immediately report clinically suspected cases of Zika virus infection to local public
health units, as they do for suspected cases of dengue. Public health Authorities will take action to
mitigate the risk of local transmission.
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm
*
· ZIKA VIRUS : Legislative Council of Hong Kong : Legislative Council Panel on
Health Services Prevention and Control Measures against Zika Virus Infection
http://tinyurl.com/zdwbyx8
*
· Zika Virus : Hong Kong : Administration’s Paper on Anti-Mosquito Campaign 2016
http://tinyurl.com/zyxrcm3
*
· ZIKA VIRUS : World Health Organiztion (WHO) : Media Centre : Zika virus Fact Sheet
http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/index.html
*
· STATISTICS : RESEARCH GUIDES : INSTRUCTIONS:
How to Use the United States Government Agency Section of the Statistics Resources Research Guide
for Statistical Data Sources on Specific Topic Searches
Briefly, do you need statistical information about the zika virus,
I just added this month this government agency
Data and the Uses of Data FROM The National Institute
INFECTIOUS DISESES AND ALLERGIES :
STATISTICS :
DATA :
DEMOGRAPHICS :
COUNTRIES: UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT:
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE:
Search Results for Statistical Data and the Uses of Data
FROM The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
http://tinyurl.com/guazj8u
Then Using this link
Google Domain Limited Web Search (PUBMED)
http://tinyurl.com/zhgzvdz
I run this search
zika AND (“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease” OR NIAID) AND
(statistics OR statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic)
AND SITE: PUBMED
382 results
http://tinyurl.com/josc69y
Different Searches have different goals
“Domain” limits to PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, JSTOR, NCJRS and so forth find
sources from those databases or discussion of the same from other sources.
Domain limits to GOV finds government sources,
not limited to the United States Federal Government
flint AND michigan AND lead AND water AND
(“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease” OR NIAID) AND
(statistics OR statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic)
AND SITE: GOV
.
About 12,700 results
http://tinyurl.com/h2wrcpg
and there will always be false drops mixed in with the on topic finds
.
Home – ASPR Blog – PHE Home
http://www.phe.gov/…/default1.aspx
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness an…
Families in Flint, Michigan are experiencing a public health crisis resulting from …
water On January 19, President Obama designated the HHS as the lead ….
Visit challenge.gov and once on the main page, click on the Solutions tab on the left …..
Disease (NIAID) released a Funding Opportunity Announcement to establish …
.
Michigan governor issues appeal over Flint funds denial – News – Yahoo
news.yahoo.com/michigan-governor-issues-appeal-over-flint-funds-den…
Yahoo! News
Mar 3, 2016 – (Reuters) – Michigan Governor Rick Snyder has urged federal …
deal with the crisis caused by lead-contaminated water in the city of Flint,
his office said on Thursday. … Egyptian President Says Submarine Sent to
EgyptAir Crash Site …. The NIAID Director and ABC News’
Dr. Richard Besser discuss how to …
Former State Lawmaker Thinks Water Crisis “Vastly … – CNN.com
transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1601/21/nday.04.html
.
CNN
Jan 21, 2016 – CUOMO: Outrage over the Flint water crisis is growing across the
country, but … Bill Ballenger is a former Michigan state senator and representative. …
country, children under age 6, with elevated lead levels in their blood right now. ….
knows, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, …
CDC director: What we’re doing about the Zika virus – CDC Blogs
blogs.cdc.gov/…/cdc-director-what-were-d…
*****************************************
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Feb 1, 2016 – To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: …
What is the government doing? …. Zika virus outbreak, we do not currently have
data on risk factors for severe Zika virus disease. We do …… We Must focus on the
victims in FLINT MICHIGAN and other cities in the US by helping them to …
******************************************
Returning to “Different Searches have different goals”
Limiting to Images, the original pages often have solid information and tables, graphs and charts
Limiting to Videos: Here one may find instruction on how to use the data or explaining what is out there
Books: Detailed discussion of statistical sources from these agencies
Scholar: A way to find out how the data is being used and if there is a methods section
in the found research articles, guidance on how to use the data in research.
TRIP: Evidence Based Research Sources
PogoFrog: A medical grab bag of sources.
This in a large nutshell is what the government agency section
of my statistics resources research guide can do for its users.
http://tinyurl.com/z6evsnr
*
· Zika Travel Information FROM CDC – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique;
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia;
Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago;
US Virgin Islands; Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama; The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga; South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
Zika Virus Health Advisory Infographics
Questions and Answers: Zika risk at high elevations
Special Populations
Guidelines for Travelers Visiting Friends and Family in Areas with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika
Guidelines for US Citizens and Residents Living in Areas with Ongoing Zika Virus Transmission
For Clinicians
Zika: For Healthcare Providers on CDC’s Zika site
Zika in CDC Health Information for International Travel – “Yellow Book”
Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States, 2016
Countries with Endemic Zika
Some countries in Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Asia have reported Zika in the past and may
continue to occasionally report new cases. The risk to travelers in these endemic countries is
likely much lower than it is in countries with Zika epidemics (see Q&A: Zika Risk in Countries
with Endemic Zika). Because Zika infection in a pregnant woman causes severe birth defects,
pregnant women should consult with their health care provider and, if they decide to travel,
strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites. Travel notices have not been issued for these
destinations but would be considered if the number of cases rises to the level of an outbreak.
Check this page for the most up-to-date information before you make travel plans.
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Vietnam
The Pacific Islands: Easter Island, Vanuatu
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
· CONGRESSIONAL HEARING: THE ZIKA VIRUS:
COORDINATION OF A MULTI-AGENCY RESPONSE
HEARING DATE: FEBRUARY 24, 2016 2:00 PM 2154 RAYBURN HOB
PURPOSE:
• To examine the coordinated federal response to the spread of the Zika virus both within
the United States (US) and internationally.
• To address confusion and misinformation surrounding measures taken at home and
abroad to prevent further transmission of Zika, especially
with the 2016 Summer Olympics taking place in Brazil.
BACKGROUND:
• The Zika virus is a disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
• The World Health Organization estimates between 3 million to 4 million cases of the
Zika virus could appear in the Americas over a 12 month period.
• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of February 17, 2016 82
travel-associated Zika cases were reported in the US.
• President Obama requested $1.8 billion in emergency funding to prepare for and
respond to the spread of Zika.
WITNESSES AND TESTIMONIES
Name Title Organization Panel Document
Dr. Anne Schuchat Principal Deputy Director
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Document
Dr. Anthony Fauci Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health Document
Dr. John Armstrong Surgeon General and Secretary of Health State of Florida Document
Dr. Bill Moreau Managing Director for Sports Medicine
United States Olympic Committee Document
http://tinyurl.com/hj2pwvn
*
· Zika 101 FROM U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Summary:
The Zika virus is spread to people through the bite of infected mosquitos.
About 1 in 5 people who get infected with Zika virus will show symptoms.
In the past several weeks, increased cases of Zika virus disease (Zika) have
been reported in South and Central America, and to a limited degree in the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory, and the US Virgin Islands.
Zika is a little known illness spread by a certain type of mosquito.
Although most people who may be exposed to Zika virus will have only mild
or no symptoms, there has been evidence linking Zika virus to negative effects
on pregnancies in some cases, which has received widespread public attention.
We understand that this news is concerning, especially to pregnant women and
their families who may travel to or live in affected areas. Here are some answers
to common questions about Zika.
What is Zika?
Zika and Pregnancy
How to Protect Yourself from Zika
Zika in the Continental US?
What HHS is Doing
http://www.hhs.gov/blog/2016/01/28/zika-101.html
*
· Zika Virus: An Emerging Health Threat
FROM U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/01/26/zika-virus-an-emerging-health-threat/
*
· BOOKS: Zika Virus: Zika Virus Infection: Everything You Need to Know about Zika Virus: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment (Microcephaly Symptoms, Treatment of Zika Virus, Prevention of Zika Virus)
Zika Virus: Zika Virus Infection: Everything You Need to Know about Zika Virus: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment (Microcephaly Symptoms, Treatment of Zika Virus, Prevention of Zika Virus)
Author Jason Jackson
Publisher CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
ISBN 1523787406, 9781523787401
Length 36 pages
http://tinyurl.com/hestwfc
*
· Pan American Health Organization. HomeHealth TopicsProgramsMedia CenterPublicationsDataCountries and CentersAbout PAHO Zika Virus Infection
Zika News for the General Public
Zika Updates for Health Authorities
Zika Resources
Alerts and Updates
Case Definitions
Technical Reports and
Guidelines
Communication Materials
Strategy and Resource Mobilization
Risk Communication and Community Engagement
WHO Website
http://tinyurl.com/jg7nw7d
*
· [SportMed] MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA: BBC News: Zika Outbreak: What You Need to Know
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
BBC News: Zika Outbreak: What You Need to Know
By James Gallagher, Health editor,
BBC News website
31 May 2016
From the section Health
http://tinyurl.com/jcdch73
*
· [public-health] MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA: Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses :
Zika Virus: Symptoms, Facts, Diagnosis
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses :
Zika Virus: Symptoms, Facts, Diagnosis
Written by Lori Smith BSN MSN CRNP
Knowledge Center
Last updated: Fri 15 July 2016
Medical News Today (MNT)
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305163.php
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN: Zika Virus
FROM National Heslth Service (NHS), UK
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN:
Zika Virus FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
Zika Virus
FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/zika-virus/Pages/Introduction.aspx
*
· Zika Virus Disease FROM The World Health Organization (WHO)
Technical Guidance
Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus
Updated 7 June 2016
Vector control operations framework for Zika virus
30 May 2016
Pregnancy management in the context of Zika virus infection
Updated 13 May 2016
Surveillance for Zika virus infection, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome
6 April 2016
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice surveys Zika virus disease and potential complications
24 March 2016
Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection
23 March 2016
Risk communication and community engagement for Zika virus prevention and control
11 March 2016
All publications and resources
http://tinyurl.com/jq7zonu
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
*
· Zika Travel Information FROM Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao;
Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica;
Martinique; the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory;
Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia; Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines; Sint Eustatius; Sint Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago;
US Virgin Islands
Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama
The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia,
New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
· Zika Virus – Information for Clinicians and Public Health Practitioners
FROM Department of Health. Government of Australia
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
http://tinyurl.com/z6jftwu
*
· Zika Virus Fact Sheet FROM The World Health Organization (WHO)
Key facts
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes.
People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms including mild fever, skin rash,
conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache.
These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days.
There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and
Guillain-Barré syndrome. Links to other neurological complications are also
being investigated.
Introduction
Signs and Symptoms
Complications of Zika virus disease
Transmission
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
WHO response
WHO is supporting countries to control Zika virus disease by taking actions outlined
in the “Zika Strategic Response Framework”:
Define and prioritize research into Zika virus disease by convening experts and partners.
Enhance surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications.
Strengthen capacity in risk communication to engage communities to better understand
risks associated with Zika virus.
Strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus.
Support health authorities to implement vector control strategies aimed at reducing
Aedes mosquito populations.
Prepare recommendations for the clinical care and follow-up of people with complications
related to Zika virus infection, in collaboration with experts and other health agencies.
Zika Strategic Response Framework
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
*
· Zika Strategic Response Framework FROM The World Health Organization (WHO)
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/response/en/
*
· Zika Virus Resource FROM National Center for Biotechnology Information.
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Zika virus sequences
Search nucleotide and protein sequences
Virus Variation how to guide
More Zika virus information
NCBI Zika virus reference genome
Publications in PubMed
NLM Zika virus health information resources
External Zika virus resources
HealthMap
CDC
WHO
ViralZone
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/variation/Zika/
*
· Zika Virus Health Information Resource Guide
FROM Disaster Information Management Research Center
U.S. Federal Agencies
U.S. Organizations
International Organizations
National Government (non-U.S.) Web Sites
Pregnancy and Zika Virus
Free Resources from Publishers for Medical Responders
Biomedical Journal Literature and Reports
Situation Reports
Genome, Sequences, and Virus Variation
Laboratory Detection and Diagnosis of Zika Virus
Clinical Trials
Research, Development and Funding
Surveillance and Control of Mosquito Vectors
Travel
Maps
Social Media
Multi-Language Resources
Health Resources for the Public
U.S. Federal Agencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika Virus
Also in Spanish.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report – Zika Reports
National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika and Birth Defects: The Evidence Mounts
NIH Director’s Blog – Zika Virus: An Emerging Health Threat
National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health
Zika Virus
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Zika Virus Response Updates from FDA
Office of Human Services Emergency Preparedness and Response,
Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What Head Start or Child Care Programs Need to Know About Zika Virus
History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
Global Health Events Historical archive of Web documents on Ebola and Zika Virus.
U.S. Organizations
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Zika Virus: Guidance and Information for Health Care Providers
American Academy of Pediatrics
Zika Virus
American Medical Association
Zika Virus Resource Center
American Nurses Association
Zika Virus Information
American Public Health Association
Zika
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP), University of Minnesota
Zika
International Organizations
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Zika virus infection
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization
Zika Virus Infection
Also available in Spanish.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Zika virus and complications
Zika virus disease
WHO Zika App
iOS version
Android version
International Society for Infectious Diseases
ProMed-mail in English
ProMed-mail in Portuguese, focusing on Latin America
ProMed-mail in Spanish, focusing on Latin America
https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/zikavirus.html
*
· Letter From President Obama — Zika Virus
Letter From President Obama — Zika Virus
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
Dear Mr. Speaker:
Today, I ask the Congress to consider the enclosed FY 2016 emergency
supplemental appropriations request of approximately $1.9 billion to
respond to the Zika virus both domestically and internationally.
This funding would build upon ongoing preparedness efforts and provide
resources for the Departments of Health and Human Services and State,
and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
Funding would support immediate response activities to prevent the
spread of, prepare for, and respond to Zika virus transmission; fortify
domestic public health systems to prevent, detect, and respond to Zika
virus transmission; speed research, development, and procurement of
vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics; provide emergency assistance to
States and the U.S. Territories to combat the virus; provide additional
Federal Medicaid funding in Puerto Rico and the other U.S. Territories
for health services for pregnant women at risk of infection or diagnosed
with Zika virus, and for children with microcephaly, and for other health
care costs; and enhance the ability of Zika-affected countries to better
combat mosquitoes, control transmission, and support affected populations.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 50 laboratory-confirmed
cases of the Zika virus among U.S. travelers from December 2015 –
February 5, 2016. In addition, the Pan American Health Organization reports
26 countries and territories in the Americas with local Zika transmission.
On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared the Zika virus a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
My foremost priority is to protect the health and safety of Americans.
This request supports the necessary steps to fortify our domestic health system,
detect and respond to any potential Zika outbreaks at home, and to limit the
spread in other countries.
The request includes approximately $1.9 billion to respond to Zika virus
transmission across the United States and internationally. In addition, transfer
authority is requested to allow for sufficient response and flexibility across the
Federal Government to address changing circumstances and emerging needs
related to the Zika virus.
My Administration requests that the funding described above be designated as
emergency requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended.
I urge the Congress to act expeditiously in considering this important request,
the details of which are set forth in the enclosed letter from the Director of the
Office of Management and Budget.
Sincerely,
BARACK OBAMA
For Immediate ReleaseFebruary 22, 2016
https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/22/letter-president-zika-virus
*
· EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Preliminary Observations on the
Zika Virus Outbreak GAO-16-470T: Published: Mar 2, 2016. Publicly Released:
Mar 2, 2016. FROM U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO)
http://tinyurl.com/gr8rbxq
*
· Zika Virus Resource Center FROM The American Medical Association (AMA)
Click the MORE link to see the contents of this website.
http://tinyurl.com/je7nu9d
*
· RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT Zika Virus Epidemic in the Americas:
potential association with Microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome
FROM The European Center for Disease Control
http://tinyurl.com/pxbe3hv
*
· [public-health] MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
Timelines and Histories of Zika Virus
http://tinyurl.com/hollch3
*
· [SportMed] SPORTS: OLYMPICS: RIO 2016 : MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
VIRUS : ALERTS : UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT: 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
SPORTS: OLYMPICS: RIO 2016 :
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA: VIRUS :
ALERTS :
UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT:
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
Travelers’ Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
http://tinyurl.com/jyd8h4l
*
· [SportMed] MEDICAL DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : TOURISM AND TRAVEL :
UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT : TERRORISM: Zika Virus Information for Travelers :
Worldwide Terrorism Alert
MEDICAL DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
TOURISM AND TRAVEL :
UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT :
TERRORISM:
Zika Virus Information for Travelers
Worldwide Terrorism Alert
United States. Department of State
https://travel.state.gov/content/passports/en/go/Zika.html
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jhwdut7
*
· Zika Virus FROM Medline Plus
Summary
Zika is a virus that is spread mostly by mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass
it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. It can spread through
sexual contact. There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood
transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa,
Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South
America.
Most people who get the virus do not get sick. One in five people do get symptoms,
which can include a fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (pinkeye). Symptoms are
usually mild, and start 2 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
A blood test can tell whether you have the infection. There are no vaccines or medicines
to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking acetaminophen might help.
Zika can cause microcephaly (a serious birth defect of the brain) and other problems in
babies whose mothers were infected while pregnant. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention recommends that pregnant women do not travel to areas where there is a Zika
virus outbreak. If you do decide to travel, first talk to your doctor. You should also be
careful to prevent mosquito bites:
Use insect repellent
Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet
Stay in places that have air conditioning or that use window and door screens
https://medlineplus.gov/zikavirus.html
*
· Zika Virus: The Latest on What You Need To Know Webinar Recording
FROM Unbound Medicine
Published on Feb 25, 2016
The Zika virus has dominated headlines as new cases continue to emerge in North America.
This presentation will provide you with the need-to-know information concerning this deadly
epidemic so you can be prepared if and when presented with a case.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_c0RXWsEGz4
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : GUIDES : DIRECTORIES :
INFORMATION SOURCES: Zika Virus and Complications
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: ZIKA VIRUS :
GUIDES :
DIRECTORIES :
INFORMATION SOURCES :
DATABASE SEARCH RESULTS :
ORGANIZATIONS: NAMED ORGANIZATIONS: WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION (WHO):
Zika Virus and Complications
World Health Organization (WHO)
http://tinyurl.com/z5cn4dx
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : DATABASE SEARCH RESULTS:
Clinical Trials.gov // 59 studies found for: Open Studies | “Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral”
59 studies found for: Open Studies | “Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral”
in The Clinical Trials.gov Database
https://clinicaltrials.gov/search/open/condition=%22Hemorrhagic+Fevers,+Viral%22
*
· MEDICAL DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : TOURISM AND TRAVEL:
International Travel and Health FROM The World Health Organization (WHO)
11 April 2016
1. Overview
Since 2007 more than 62 countries and territories have reported transmission of Zika virus.
This number is likely to increase to include other countries with Aedes mosquitoes and other
potential competent vectors.
Increases in cases of congenital malformations such as microcephaly, and neurological
syndromes such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, have recently been associated
with Zika virus outbreaks. New research has strengthened these associations; however more
investigation is needed to establish causal relationships. Other potential causes are also being
investigated.
This website will be regularly updated with advice to national authorities and health care
practitioners on travel health issues related to Zika virus.
TOPICS COVERED
National authorities
Health care practitioners
Related links
Zika virus and potential complications
Second meeting of IHR Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase
in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations, 8 March 2016
Publications and technical guidance
Zika virus case definition
Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection
Pregnancy management in the context of Zika virus:
Assessment of infants with microcephaly in the context of Zika virus
Breastfeeding in the context of Zika virus
Identification and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in the context of Zika virus
Prevention of potential sexual transmission of Zika virus
Maintaining a safe and adequate blood supply during Zika virus outbreaks
Psychosocial support for pregnant women and for families in the context of Zika virus
Risk communication in the context of Zika virus
All publications and technical guidance on Zika virus
http://www.who.int/ith/updates/2016_04_11/en/
*
· [Net-Gold] TOURISM AND TRAVEL : HEALTH : MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
International Travel and Health: Travel Health Advice on Zika Virus
TOURISM AND TRAVEL :
HEALTH :
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
International Travel and Health:
Travel Health Advice on Zika Virus
Contents
Disease information
Vaccines
Other travel health risks
General precautions
Mode of travel considerations
http://www.who.int/ith/updates/2016_04_11/en/
*
· [public-health] DATABASES : MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
STATISTICS : DATA: Zika Virus ViPR Search Tools
https://www.viprbrc.org/brc/search_landing.spg?decorator=flavi_zika
*
· [Educator-Gold] MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS: RESOURCES :
PUBLICATIONS: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD). Zika Virus
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS: RESOURCES :
PUBLICATIONS:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID).
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD).
Zika Virus:
Resources and Publications
Zika Virus
http://tinyurl.com/hceqpjq
*
· [SportMed] MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : CARE PROVIDERS :
CHILDREN : GUIDELINES: Clinical Guidance for Healthcare Providers Caring for
Infants and Children FROM The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
CARE PROVIDERS :
CHILDREN :
GUIDELINES:
Clinical Guidance for Healthcare Providers
Caring for Infants and Children
FROM The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)
Division of Vector-Borne Diseases (DVBD)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/infants-children.html
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS : GUIDELINES: Pan American Health
AND World Health Organizations Zika Virus Guidelines
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
GUIDELINES:
Pan American Health AND World Health Organizations Zika Virus Guidelines
http://tinyurl.com/jj6wa9c
*
· Tourism Hospitality and Newer Communicable Disease Epidemics:
The Cases of the Ebola Virus and the Zika Virus with Statistical Data Utilization
Discussed in Sources Uncovered from Database Search Results
TOURISM AND TRAVEL :
HOSPITALITY :
MEDICAL: EPIDEMICS :
MEDICAL: DISEASES: EBOLA VIRUS, ZIKA VIRUS :
STATISTICS :
DATA :
DEMOGRAPHY :
DATABASE SEARCH RESULTS:
Tourism Hospitality and Newer Communicable Disease Epidemics:
The Cases of the Ebola Virus and the Zika Virus with Statistical Data Utilization
Discussed in Sources Uncovered from Database Search Results:
A Bibliographic Resource
http://tinyurl.com/j556wjl
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS: Everything You Need to Know About the Zika Virus
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
Everything You Need to Know About the Zika Virus
A comprehensive guide to The Atlantics ongoing coverage of the outbreak
An Aedes Aegyti mosquito
Paulo Whitaker / Reuters
ADRIENNE LAFRANCE
November 10, 2016
The Atlantic
http://tinyurl.com/z2jz7rx
*
· MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS: Everything You Need to Know About the Zika Virus
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS:
Everything You Need to Know About the Zika Virus
A comprehensive guide to The Atlantics ongoing coverage of the outbreak
An Aedes Aegyti mosquito
Paulo Whitaker / Reuters
ADRIENNE LAFRANCE
November 10, 2016
The Atlantic
http://tinyurl.com/z2jz7rx
.
.
WEBBIB1617
http://tinyurl.com/gtdzaq3
.
.
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 – 4584
jwne@temple.edu
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard
NET-GOLD
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MedlinePlus—“To Your Health: NLM update”
netgoldblog 