MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
GUIDES :
FACT SHEETS :
INFORMATION SOURCES:
Basic Information Sources about the Zika Virus:
Facts, Information, Guidance, Guidelines, and Reports
.
.
“Zika virus spreads to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito
(Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). People can also get Zika through sex with an infected man, and
the virus can also be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. The most common symptoms of
Zika are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The illness is usually mild with
symptoms lasting for several days to a week after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
People usually don’t get sick enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika.
For this reason, many people might not realize they have been infected. However, Zika virus
infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly, as well as other
severe fetal brain defects. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from
future infections.
Zika virus was first discovered in 1947 and is named after the Zika Forest in Uganda. In 1952, the
first human cases of Zika were detected and since then, outbreaks of Zika have been reported in
tropical Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Zika outbreaks have probably occurred in
many locations. Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been documented, although other cases
were likely to have occurred and were not reported. Because the symptoms of Zika are similar to
those of many other diseases, many cases may not have been recognized.
In May 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) issued an alert regarding the first
confirmed Zika virus infection in Brazil. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization
(WHO) declared Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC).
Local transmission has been reported in many other countries and territories. Zika virus will likely
continue to spread to new areas.”
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/index.html
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What we know
No vaccine exists to prevent Zika virus disease (Zika).
Zika virus is mostly spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Prevent Zika by avoiding
mosquito bites (see below).
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus bite mostly during the daytime.
Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Zika virus can be spread during sex by a man infected with Zika to his sex partners.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/index.html
.
Steps to prevent mosquito bites
http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic-steps-to-prevent-mosquito-bites
OR
http://tinyurl.com/hxyk8pc
When in areas with Zika and other diseases spread by mosquitoes, take the following steps[PDF – 2 pages]:
Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Stay in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside.
Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home.
Sleep under a mosquito bed net if you are overseas or outside and are not able to protect yourself
from mosquito bites.
Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellents with one of the following
active ingredients: DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or para-menthane-diol.
Choosing an EPA-registered repellent ensures the EPA has evaluated the product for effectiveness.
When used as directed, EPA-registered insect repellents are proven safe and effective, even for
pregnant and breast-feeding women.
Always follow the product label instructions.
Reapply insect repellent as directed.
Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing.
If you are also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before applying insect repellent.
To protect your child from mosquito bites:
Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months old.
Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children
younger than 3 years old.
Dress your child in clothing that covers arms and legs.
Cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with mosquito netting.
Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated skin.
Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands and then apply to a child’s face.
Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items.
Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings. See product information to learn
how long the protection will last.
If treating items yourself, follow the product instructions carefully.
Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat clothing.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with
Zika should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks. These steps will prevent them from
passing Zika to mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.
Sick with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika? Protect yourself and others from mosquito bites
during the first week of illness.
Sick with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika?
If you have Zika, protect others from getting sick
During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an
infected person to another mosquito through mosquito bites. An infected mosquito can then
spread the virus to other people.
To help prevent others from getting sick, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites[PDF –
2 pages] during the first week of illness.
A man with Zika virus can pass it to his female or male sex partners.
Zika virus can stay in semen longer than in blood, but we don’t know exactly how long Zika
stays in semen.
To help prevent spreading Zika from sex, you can use condoms, correctly from start to finish,
every time you have sex. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis) sex.
Not having sex is the only way to be sure that someone does not get sexually transmitted Zika virus.
If you are a man who lives in or has traveled to an area with Zika
If your partner is pregnant, either use condoms correctly (warning: this link contains sexually
graphic images) from start to finish, every time you have vaginal, anal, and oral (mouth-to-penis)
sex, or do not have sex during the pregnancy.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with Zika should
take steps to prevent mosquito bites[PDF – 2 pages] for 3 weeks so they do not spread Zika to
mosquitoes that could spread the virus to other people.
If you are concerned about getting Zika from a male sex partner
You can use condoms correctly from start to finish, every time you have vaginal, anal, and oral
(mouth-to-penis) sex. Condoms also prevent HIV and other STDs. Not having sex is the only way to
be sure that you do not get sexually transmitted Zika virus.
Pregnant women should talk to a doctor or other healthcare provider if they or their male sex
partners recently traveled to an area with Zika, even if they don’t feel sick.
Information for travelers
Traveling? Visit CDC’s Travelers Health website to see if the country you plan to visit has any travel
health notices.
Even if they do not feel sick, travelers returning to the United States from an area with
Zika should take steps to prevent mosquito bites for 3 weeks so they do not spread Zika to mosquitoes
that could spread the virus to other people.
CDC has posted maps that show elevation levels in countries with Zika.
Mosquito Bite Prevention for Travelers [PDF – 2 pages]
Read the Traveler’s Health Yellow Book for more information on Protection against
Mosquitoes, Ticks, Fleas & Other Insects and Arthropods.
Additional Resources
Guidelines for Travelers Visiting Friends and Family in Areas with Chikungunya, Dengue, or Zika
Guidelines for US Citizens and Residents Living in Areas with Ongoing Zika Virus Transmission
Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016
Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus – United States, 2016
Zika and Sexual Transmission
Through mosquito bites
From mother to child
Through sexual contact
Through blood transfusion
Through laboratory exposure
Risks
Anyone who lives in or travels to an area where Zika virus is found and has not already been infected
with Zika virus can get it from mosquito bites. Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to
be protected from future infections.
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html
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https://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html
What we know
Pregnant women can be infected with Zika virus.
The primary way that pregnant women get Zika virus is through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Zika virus can be spread by a man to his sex partners.
A pregnant woman can pass Zika virus to her fetus.
Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus during pregnancy or at delivery.
What we do not know
If a pregnant woman is exposed
We don’t know how likely she is to get Zika.
If a pregnant woman is infected
We don’t know how the virus will affect her or her pregnancy.
Listen to the “Zika and Pregnancy” Podcast
Pregnant woman holding her stomachWhat Pregnant Women Need to Know
We don’t know how likely it is that Zika will pass to her fetus.
We don’t know if the fetus is infected, if the fetus will develop birth defects.
We don’t know when in pregnancy the infection might cause harm to the fetus.
We don’t know whether her baby will have birth defects.
We don’t know if sexual transmission of Zika virus poses a different risk of birth defects than
mosquito-borne transmission.
More Discussion in More Information
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/pregnancy/index.html
Zika and microcephaly
Since May 2015, Brazil has experienced a significant outbreak of Zika virus. In recent months,
Brazilian officials reported an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly.
Since these initial reports of a link between Zika and microcephaly, researchers across the world began
working to study the link between Zika during pregnancy and microcephaly. In a recent article, CDC
scientists announced that there is now enough evidence to conclude that Zika virus infection during
pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects and has been linked to
problems in infants, including eye defects, hearing loss, and impaired growth. Scientists are studying the
full range of other potential health problems that Zika virus infection during pregnancy may cause.
Other possible causes of microcephaly
Microcephaly can happen for many reasons. Some babies have microcephaly because of
Changes in their genes
Certain infections during pregnancy
A woman being close to or touching toxins during pregnancy
Recent media reports have suggested that a pesticide called pyriproxyfen might be linked with microcephaly.
Pyriproxyfen has been approved for the control of disease-carrying mosquitoes by the World Health Organization.
Pyriproxyfen is a registered pesticide in Brazil and other countries, it has been used for decades,
and it has not been linked with microcephaly. In addition, exposure to pyriproxyfen would not explain recent
study results showing the presence of Zika virus in the brains of babies born with microcephaly.
Zika and Other Birth Outcomes
In addition to microcephaly, other problems have been detected among fetuses and infants infected with Zika
virus before birth, such as eye defects, hearing loss, and impaired growth. Although Zika virus is a cause of
microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects and has been linked with these other problems in infants,
there is more to learn. Researchers are collecting data to better understand the extent Zika virus’ impact
on mothers and their children.
Future Pregnancies
Based on the available evidence, we think that Zika virus infection in a woman who is not pregnant would not
pose a risk for birth defects in future pregnancies after the virus has cleared from her blood. From what we
know about similar infections, once a person has been infected with Zika virus, he or she is likely to be protected
from a future Zika infection.
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https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/index.html
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Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Women of Reproductive Age with Possible
Zika Virus Exposure – United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure – United States, 2016 (Feb. 5, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak—United States, 2016 (Jan. 22, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age
with Possible Zika Virus Exposure
Infants and Children
UPDATE: Interim Guidelines for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants and Children with Possible Zika
Virus Infection – United States, February 2016 (Feb. 19, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection –
United States, 2016 (Jan. 29, 2016)
Questions and Answers for Healthcare Providers Caring for Infants and Children
with Possible Zika Virus Infection
Sexual Transmission
UPDATE: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus –
United States, 2016 (March 25, 2016)
Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus –
United States, 2016 (Feb. 12, 2016)
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinical-guidance.html
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Modes of Transmission
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis and Reporting
Treatment
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/clinicalevaluation.html
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https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/diagnostic.html
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https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/registry.html
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Testing Algorithms
Health Care for Infants
Fact Sheets on Zika Virus Testing
Preconception Counseling
https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/tools.html
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In May 2015, the World Health Organization reported the first local transmission of Zika
virus in the Western Hemisphere, with autochthonous (locally acquired) cases identified in Brazil.
As of January 15, 2016, local transmission had been identified in at least 14 countries or territories
in the Americas, including Puerto Rico (See Pan American Health Organization [PAHO] link below
for countries and territories in the Americas with Zika virus transmission). Further spread to other
countries in the region is likely.
Local transmission of Zika virus has not been documented in the continental United States. However,
Zika virus infections have been reported in travelers returning to the United States. With the recent
outbreaks in the Americas, the number of Zika virus disease cases among travelers visiting or
returning to the United States likely will increase. These imported cases may result in local spread of
the virus in some areas of the continental United States, meaning these imported cases may result in
human-to-mosquito-to-human spread of the virus.
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute onset of fever, maculopapular rash,
arthralgia or conjunctivitis, who traveled to areas with ongoing transmission in the two weeks prior
to illness onset. Clinical disease usually is mild. However, during the current outbreak, Zika virus
infections have been confirmed in several infants with microcephaly and in fetal losses in women
infected during pregnancy. We do not yet understand the full spectrum of outcomes that might be
associated with infection during pregnancy, nor the factors that might increase risk to the fetus.
Additional studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy.
Healthcare providers are encouraged to report suspected Zika virus disease cases to their state health
department to facilitate diagnosis and to mitigate the risk of local transmission. State health departments
are requested to report laboratory-confirmed cases to CDC. CDC is working with states to expand
Zika virus laboratory testing capacity, using existing RT-PCR protocols.
This CDC Health Advisory includes information and recommendations about Zika virus clinical
disease, diagnosis, and prevention, and provides travel guidance for pregnant women and women who
are trying to become pregnant. Until more is known and out of an abundance of caution, pregnant
women should consider postponing travel to any area where
Zika virus transmission is ongoing. Pregnant women who do travel to these areas should talk to their
doctors or other healthcare providers first and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
Women trying to become pregnant should consult with their healthcare providers before traveling to these
areas and strictly follow steps to avoid mosquito bites during the trip.
http://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00385.asp
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http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/
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If you’ve been thinking about traveling to warmer climates or have been catching a few news stories, you
may have heard about something called the Zika virus — a disease spread primarily through mosquito bites.
Zika causes mild illness in some, however, we are closely tracking and responding to recent outbreaks of
this virus because the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) issued reports that indicate Zika may be linked
to serious birth defects in babies of mothers who were infected with this virus while pregnant.
While this virus is not new, it is new to the Americas. The first case was reported in Brazil just last spring.
Since that time, it has spread through South and Central America, and the Caribbean. No locally transmitted
Zika cases from mosquitoes have been reported in the continental U.S., but cases have been reported in
travelers returning from areas where Zika is present. As Zika continues to spread in our region, the number
of cases among travelers visiting or returning to the U.S. is likely to increase.
In addition to serving as part of the President’s national security team, I am also a mom. I personally know
how important it is to have all of the information you need to keep yourself and your family healthy and safe.
There is still much we don’t know about this virus but we’re learning more every day. To help keep you
up-to-date as we learn more, we have all the latest updates you need in one place:
http://www.cdc.gov/Zika
Topics Covered in this Whitehouse Document
What is the Zika virus?
How is the President working with local leaders to combat Zika?
How is Zika transmitted?
Where are people contracting Zika?
Who is at risk of being infected?
Why are there specific recommendations for pregnant women?
What can I do to prevent a Zika infection?
Should we be concerned about Zika in the United States?
What is the President doing to help combat and control the spread of the Zika virus?
https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/01/27/zika-virus-what-you-need-know
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Areas with active Zika virus transmission
Epidemiology
Zika cases diagnosed in the UK
Symptoms
The majority of people infected with Zika virus have no symptoms. For those with symptoms,
Zika virus tends to cause a mild, short-lived (2 to 7 days) illness. Signs and symptoms suggestive
of Zika virus infection may include a combination of the following:
rash
itching/pruritus
fever
headache
arthralgia/arthritis
myalgia
conjunctivitis
lower back pain
retro-orbital pain
The symptoms of Zika are similar to dengue (caused by a related flavivirus) or chikungunya
(an alphavirus), which are often co-circulating in areas where Zika virus is present. Laboratory
testing is essential for the correct diagnosis.
Serious complications and deaths from Zika are not common. However, based on a growing body
of research there is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and other congenital
anomalies (also referred to as congenital Zika syndrome), and Guillain-Barré syndrome
(World Health Organization, 14 April 2016).
Transmission
Advice for all travellers
Preventing infection by mosquito bites
Preventing infection by sexual transmission
Pregnant women and their male partners who are planning to travel
Pregnant women who have travelled
Women planning pregnancy and their male partners
Immunocompromised individuals
Guidance for primary care
Zika and pregnancy
Guidance for neonatologists
Zika and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Zika and immunocompromised patients
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surveillance for congenital Zika syndrome
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
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This news article was withdrawn on 30 June 2016
Public Health England is constantly monitoring the Zika situation and updating advice accordingly.
For the latest recommendations, see our guidance pages.
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/zika-virus
This Withdrawn Document Covers
Travel and pregnancy
Preventing sexual transmission
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/zika-virus-updated-travel-advice-for-pregnant-women
*
Contents
What is the Zika virus?
How is the Zika virus transmitted?
What are the symptoms of Zika virus infection?
What are the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy?
How is Zika virus infection diagnosed?
What is the treatment for Zika virus infection?
Is there a vaccine or medication that prevents Zika virus infection?
How can Zika virus infection be prevented?
http://www.aafp.org/patient-care/emergency/zika-virus.html
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This page contains information for clinicians and public health practitioners about Zika virus.
This is a rapidly evolving situation. Monitoring of Zika virus will occur on an ongoing basis with updates
to this website as important information comes to hand. Check regularly for the latest information.
DF printable version of Zika virus – information for clinicians and public health practitioners – PDF 57 KB
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
Zika virus infection is generally a non-severe febrile viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes.
Zika virus infection should be considered in people who have recently travelled overseas.
Scientific evidence particularly from outbreaks of Zika virus in Brazil and French Polynesia show that
a Zika virus infection in a pregnant woman can be transmitted to the fetus, and can cause certain
congenital abnormalities (including microcephaly). Further studies are required to understand the
degree of risk of an adverse outcome occurring and the factors that influence this risk.
Specific travel precautions are recommended for pregnant women or women planning pregnancy.
Summary of recommendations for clinicians and public health practitioners
Zika virus infection should be considered in patients with acute fever, rash, arthralgia or
conjunctivitis, who have travelled in the two weeks prior to onset of illness to areas with
current or recent local transmission of Zika virus; refer to the Department of Health
webpage for the current country list.
All travellers should take steps to avoid mosquito bites in order to prevent Zika virus
infection and other mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria and chikungunya.
Pregnant women are advised to consider postponing travel to any area with current or
recent local Zika virus transmission
Pregnant women who do decide to travel to one of these areas are advised to consult with
a doctor first and strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures during their trip.
Women trying to become pregnant are advised to consult with a doctor before travelling and
strictly follow mosquito bite prevention measures.
Women who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission
and who are pregnant are advised to consult a doctor and be evaluated, refer to Interim
recommendations for assessment of pregnant women returning from Zika virus-affected areas.
Men who have returned from a country with current or recent local Zika virus transmission and
have a partner who is pregnant or planning pregnancy are advised to consult a doctor to discuss
recommendations for preventing sexual transmission, refer to Interim recommendations for
reducing the risk of sexual transmission of Zika virus.
Zika virus infection is notifiable in Australia as a flavivirus (unspecified) infection and should be
notified to state and territory health departments.
In North Queensland and parts of Central Queensland where suitable mosquito vectors are present,
clinicians should immediately report clinically suspected cases of Zika virus infection to local public
health units, as they do for suspected cases of dengue. Public health Authorities will take action to
mitigate the risk of local transmission.
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm
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http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr15-16/english/panels/hs/papers/hs20160215cb2-836-3-e.pdf
OR
http://tinyurl.com/zdwbyx8
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http://tinyurl.com/zyxrcm3
http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr15-16/english/panels/fseh/papers/fseh20160412cb2-1220-5-e.pdf
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http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/index.html
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STATISTICS : RESEARCH GUIDES : INSTRUCTIONS: How to Use the United States
Government Agency Section of the Statistics Resources Research Guide for Statistical Data
Sources on Specific Topic Searches
Briefly, do you need statistical information about the zika virus, I just added this month this
government agency
Data and the Uses of Data FROM The National Institute
INFECTIOUS DISESES AND ALLERGIES :
STATISTICS :
DATA :
DEMOGRAPHICS :
COUNTRIES: UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT:
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE:
Search Results for Statistical Data and the Uses of Data
FROM The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
http://tinyurl.com/guazj8u
Then Using this link
Google Domain Limited Web Search (PUBMED)
http://tinyurl.com/zhgzvdz
I run this search
zika AND (“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease” OR NIAID) AND (statistics OR
statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic) AND SITE: PUBMED
382 results
http://tinyurl.com/josc69y
Different Searches have different goals
“Domain” limits to PUBMED, SCIENCEDIRECT, JSTOR, NCJRS and so forth find sources from
those databases or discussion of the same from other sources.
Domain limits to GOV finds government sources, not limited to the United States Federal Government
flint AND michigan AND lead AND water AND (“National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease”
OR NIAID) AND (statistics OR statistical OR data OR demography OR demographics OR demographic)
AND SITE: GOV
About 12,700 results
http://tinyurl.com/h2wrcpg
and there will always be false drops mixed in with the on topic finds
*
Home – ASPR Blog – PHE Home
www.phe.gov/…/default1.aspx
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness an…
Families in Flint, Michigan are experiencing a public health crisis resulting from … water
On January 19, President Obama designated the HHS as the lead …. Visit challenge.gov and
once on the main page, click on the Solutions tab on the left ….. Disease (NIAID) released a
Funding Opportunity Announcement to establish …
.
Michigan governor issues appeal over Flint funds denial – News – Yahoo
news.yahoo.com/michigan-governor-issues-appeal-over-flint-funds-den...
Yahoo! News
Mar 3, 2016 – (Reuters) – Michigan Governor Rick Snyder has urged federal … deal with the
crisis caused by lead-contaminated water in the city of Flint, his office said on Thursday. …
Egyptian President Says Submarine Sent to EgyptAir Crash Site …. The NIAID Director and
ABC News’ Dr. Richard Besser discuss how to …
Former State Lawmaker Thinks Water Crisis “Vastly … – CNN.com
transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1601/21/nday.04.html
.
CNN
Jan 21, 2016 – CUOMO: Outrage over the Flint water crisis is growing across the country, but …
Bill Ballenger is a former Michigan state senator and representative. … country, children under
age 6, with elevated lead levels in their blood right now. …. knows, director of the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, …
CDC director: What we’re doing about the Zika virus – CDC Blogs
blogs.cdc.gov/…/cdc-director-what-were-d...
*****************************************
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Feb 1, 2016 – To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: …
What is the government doing? …. Zika virus outbreak, we do not currently have data on risk
factors for severe Zika virus disease. We do …… We Must focus on the victims in
FLINT MICHIGAN and other cities in the US by helping them to …
******************************************
Returning to “Different Searches have different goals”
Limiting to Images, the original pages often have solid information and tables, graphs and charts
Limiting to Videos: Here one may find instruction on how to use the data or explaing what is out there
Books: Detailed discussion of statistical sources from these agencies
Scholar: A way to find out how the data is being used and if there is a methods section in the
found research articles, guidance on how to use the data in research.
TRIP: Evidence Based Research Sources
PogoFrog: A medical grab bag of sources.
This in a large nutshell is what the government agency section of my statistics resources research
guide can do for its users.
http://tinyurl.com/z6evsnr
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Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; t
he Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia;
Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago;
US Virgin Islands
Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Panama
The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
Zika Virus Health Advisory Infographics
Questions and Answers: Zika risk at high elevations
Special Populations
Guidelines for Travelers Visiting Friends and Family in Areas with Chikungunya,
Dengue, or Zika
Guidelines for US Citizens and Residents Living in Areas with Ongoing
Zika Virus Transmission
For Clinicians
Zika: For Healthcare Providers on CDC’s Zika site
Zika in CDC Health Information for International Travel – “Yellow Book”
Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus —
United States, 2016
Update: Interim Guidance for Health Care Providers Caring for Women of Reproductive
Age with Possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States, 2016
Countries with Endemic Zika
Some countries in Africa, the Pacific Islands, and Asia have reported Zika in the past and
may continue to occasionally report new cases. The risk to travelers in these endemic
countries is likely much lower than it is in countries with Zika epidemics
(see Q&A: Zika Risk in Countries with Endemic Zika). Because Zika infection in a pregnant
woman causes severe birth defects, pregnant women should consult with their health care
provider and, if they decide to travel, strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites. Travel
notices have not been issued for these destinations but would be considered if the number of
cases rises to the level of an outbreak. Check this page for the most up-to-date information
before you make travel plans.
Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina-Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire,
Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia
Asia: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Philippines,
Thailand, Vietnam
The Pacific Islands: Easter Island, Vanuatu
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
HEARING DATE: FEBRUARY 24, 2016 2:00 PM 2154 RAYBURN HOB
PURPOSE:
• To examine the coordinated federal response to the spread of the Zika virus both
within the United States (US) and internationally.
• To address confusion and misinformation surrounding measures taken at home and
abroad to prevent further transmission of Zika, especially with the 2016 Summer Olympics
taking place in Brazil.
BACKGROUND:
• The Zika virus is a disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
• The World Health Organization estimates between 3 million to 4 million cases of the
Zika virus could appear in the Americas over a 12 month period.
• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of February 17, 2016 82
travel-associated Zika cases were reported in the US.
• President Obama requested $1.8 billion in emergency funding to prepare for and respond
to the spread of Zika.
WITNESSES AND TESTIMONIES
Name Title Organization Panel Document
Dr. Anne Schuchat Principal Deputy Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Document
Dr. Anthony Fauci Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institutes of Health Document
Dr. John Armstrong Surgeon General and Secretary of Health State of Florida Document
Dr. Bill Moreau Managing Director for Sports Medicine United States Olympic Committee Document
http://tinyurl.com/hj2pwvn
*
Summary:
The Zika virus is spread to people through the bite of infected mosquitos. About 1 in 5 people who
get infected with Zika virus will show symptoms.
In the past several weeks, increased cases of Zika virus disease (Zika) have been reported in South
and Central America, and to a limited degree in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory,
and the US Virgin Islands. Zika is a little known illness spread by a certain type of mosquito.
Although most people who may be exposed to Zika virus will have only mild or no symptoms, there
has been evidence linking Zika virus to negative effects on pregnancies in some cases, which has
received widespread public attention. We understand that this news is concerning, especially to
pregnant women and their families who may travel to or live in affected areas. Here are some
answers to common questions about Zika.
What is Zika?
Zika and Pregnancy
How to Protect Yourself from Zika
Zika in the Continental US?
What HHS is Doing
http://www.hhs.gov/blog/2016/01/28/zika-101.html
*
https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/01/26/zika-virus-an-emerging-health-threat/
*
Zika Virus: Zika Virus Infection: Everything You Need to Know about Zika Virus: Symptoms, Diagnosis
and Treatment (Microcephaly Symptoms, Treatment of Zika Virus, Prevention of Zika Virus)
Author Jason Jackson
Publisher CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
ISBN 1523787406, 9781523787401
Length 36 pages
http://tinyurl.com/hestwfc
*
Zika News for the General Public
Zika Updates for Health Authorities
Zika Resources
Alerts and Updates
Case Definitions
Technical Reports and
Guidelines
Communication Materials
Strategy and Resource Mobilization
Risk Communication and Community Engagement
WHO Website
http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11585&Itemid=41688&lang=en
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jg7nw7d
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
BBC News: Zika Outbreak: What You Need to Know
By James Gallagher, Health editor,
BBC News website
31 May 2016
From the section Health
less…
https://publichealth30.wordpress.com/2016/07/16/sportmed-medical-diseases-zika-bbc-news-zika-outbreak-what-you-need-to-know/
OR
http://tinyurl.com/jcdch73
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA:
Infectious Diseases / Bacteria / Viruses :
Zika Virus: Symptoms, Facts, Diagnosis
Written by Lori Smith BSN MSN CRNP
Knowledge Center
Last updated: Fri 15 July 2016
Medical News Today (MNT)
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305163.php
*
MEDICAL: DISEASES: ZIKA VIRUS :
COUNTRIES: GREAT BRITAIN:
Zika Virus FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
Zika Virus
FROM National Health Service (NHS), UK
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/zika-virus/Pages/Introduction.aspx
*
Technical Guidance
Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus
Updated 7 June 2016
Vector control operations framework for Zika virus
30 May 2016
Pregnancy management in the context of Zika virus infection
Updated 13 May 2016
Surveillance for Zika virus infection, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome
6 April 2016
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice surveys Zika virus disease and potential complications
24 March 2016
Laboratory testing for Zika virus infection
23 March 2016
Risk communication and community engagement for Zika virus prevention and control
11 March 2016
All publications and resources
http://tinyurl.com/jq7zonu
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/zika/en/
*
Zika Travel Notices
Zika Virus in Cape Verde
Zika Virus in Mexico
The Caribbean
Currently includes: Anguilla; Aruba; Barbados; Bonaire; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica;
Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Haiti; Jamaica; Martinique; the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, a US territory; Saint Barthelemy; Saint Lucia;
Saint Martin; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Eustatius; Sint Maarten;
Trinidad and Tobago; US Virgin Islands
Central America
Currently includes: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
The Pacific Islands
Currently includes: American Samoa, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, New Caledonia,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
South America
Currently includes: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
2016 Summer Olympics (Rio 2016)
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-travel-information
*
About Zika virus
Symptoms of Zika virus infection
Transmission
Zika virus and pregnancy
Prevention
Diagnosis
Laboratory testing
Treatment
Reporting
Public health management of a laboratory confirmed case
Further information is available
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm
OR
http://tinyurl.com/z6jftwu
*
Key facts
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes.
People with Zika virus disease can have symptoms including mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis,
muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. These symptoms normally last for 2-7 days.
There is scientific consensus that Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Links to other neurological complications are also being investigated.
Introduction
Signs and Symptoms
Complications of Zika virus disease
Transmission
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
WHO response
WHO is supporting countries to control Zika virus disease by taking actions outlined in the
“Zika Strategic Response Framework”:
Define and prioritize research into Zika virus disease by convening experts and partners.
Enhance surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications.
Strengthen capacity in risk communication to engage communities to better understand
risks associated with Zika virus.
Strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus.
Support health authorities to implement vector control strategies aimed at reducing Aedes
mosquito populations.
Prepare recommendations for the clinical care and follow-up of people with complications related
to Zika virus infection, in collaboration with experts and other health agencies.
Zika Strategic Response Framework
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/zika/en/
*
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/response/en/
*
Zika virus sequences
Search nucleotide and protein sequences
Virus Variation how to guide
More Zika virus information
NCBI Zika virus reference genome
Publications in PubMed
NLM Zika virus health information resources
External Zika virus resources
HealthMap
CDC
WHO
ViralZone
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/viruses/variation/Zika/
*
U.S. Federal Agencies
U.S. Organizations
International Organizations
National Government (non-U.S.) Web Sites
Pregnancy and Zika Virus
Free Resources from Publishers for Medical Responders
Biomedical Journal Literature and Reports
Situation Reports
Genome, Sequences, and Virus Variation
Laboratory Detection and Diagnosis of Zika Virus
Clinical Trials
Research, Development and Funding
Surveillance and Control of Mosquito Vectors
Travel
Maps
Social Media
Multi-Language Resources
Health Resources for the Public
U.S. Federal Agencies
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika Virus
Also in Spanish.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report – Zika Reports
National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Zika and Birth Defects: The Evidence Mounts
NIH Director’s Blog – Zika Virus: An Emerging Health Threat
National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health
Zika Virus
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Zika Virus Response Updates from FDA
Office of Human Services Emergency Preparedness and Response, Administration
for Children & Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
What Head Start or Child Care Programs Need to Know About Zika Virus
History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine
Global Health Events Historical archive of Web documents on Ebola and Zika Virus.
U.S. Organizations
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Zika Virus: Guidance and Information for Health Care Providers
American Academy of Pediatrics
Zika Virus
American Medical Association
Zika Virus Resource Center
American Nurses Association
Zika Virus Information
American Public Health Association
Zika
Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP), University of Minnesota
Zika
International Organizations
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
Zika virus infection
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization
Zika Virus Infection
Also available in Spanish.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Zika virus and complications
Zika virus disease
WHO Zika App
iOS version
Android version
International Society for Infectious Diseases
ProMed-mail in English
ProMed-mail in Portuguese, focusing on Latin America
ProMed-mail in Spanish, focusing on Latin America
https://sis.nlm.nih.gov/dimrc/zikavirus.html
*
Letter From President Obama — Zika Virus
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
Dear Mr. Speaker:
Today, I ask the Congress to consider the enclosed FY 2016 emergency supplemental
appropriations request of approximately $1.9 billion to respond to the Zika virus both
domestically and internationally. This funding would build upon ongoing preparedness
efforts and provide resources for the Departments of Health and Human Services and
State, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Funding would
support immediate response activities to prevent the spread of, prepare for, and respond
to Zika virus transmission; fortify domestic public health systems to prevent, detect, and
respond to Zika virus transmission; speed research, development, and procurement of
vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics; provide emergency assistance to States and the
U.S. Territories to combat the virus; provide additional Federal Medicaid funding in
Puerto Rico and the other U.S. Territories for health services for pregnant women at risk
of infection or diagnosed with Zika virus, and for children with microcephaly, and for
other health care costs; and enhance the ability of Zika-affected countries to better combat
mosquitoes, control transmission, and support affected populations.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports 50 laboratory-confirmed cases of
the Zika virus among U.S. travelers from December 2015 – February 5, 2016. In addition,
the Pan American Health Organization reports 26 countries and territories in the Americas
with local Zika transmission. On February 1, 2016, the World Health Organization declared
the Zika virus a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
My foremost priority is to protect the health and safety of Americans. This request supports
the necessary steps to fortify our domestic health system, detect and respond to any potential
Zika outbreaks at home, and to limit the spread in other countries.
The request includes approximately $1.9 billion to respond to Zika virus transmission across
the United States and internationally. In addition, transfer authority is requested to allow for
sufficient response and flexibility across the Federal Government to address changing
circumstances and emerging needs related to the Zika virus.
My Administration requests that the funding described above be designated as emergency
requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985, as amended.
I urge the Congress to act expeditiously in considering this important request, the details of
which are set forth in the enclosed letter from the Director of the Office of Management and
Budget.
Sincerely,
BARACK OBAMA
For Immediate Release
February 22, 2016
https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/02/22/letter-president-zika-virus
*
http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/public-health/zika-resource-center.page
OR
http://tinyurl.com/je7nu9d
*
http://tinyurl.com/je7nu9d
Resources for the Public
What you need to know about Zika virus
Information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Frequently asked questions about Zika virus
Videos, fact sheets and other information from the World Health Organization (WHO) that
explain what the virus is, which symptoms to look for and how to protect your family
Zika virus infection, prevention and recommendations for pregnant women
Infographics, frequently asked questions, interactive games and more
from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and WHO
Zika and pregnancy
Latest information from the CDC for pregnant women
Information for parents about Zika virus
Latest information from the CDC for parents
Zika virus disease
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) patient page from April 13
How to protect against mosquito bites
Latest information from the CDC
Zika-infected areas
World map and list of countries and territories with active Zika transmission, provided by the CDC
CDC issues advice for travel to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games
Press release from Feb. 26
Resources for Physicians
Understanding Zika Virus
Zika virus information for health care professionals
Includes clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing information from the CDC
Interim CDC Zika response plan
Initial response to Zika virus Infections in continental U.S. and Hawaii
CDC Zika Action Plan Summit
Presentations and Resources from April 1
Zika and pregnancy
CDC Vital Signs from April 1
Possible Zika virus infection among pregnant women — United States and territories, May 2016
MMWR from May 20
CDC changes reporting of numbers of pregnant women affected by Zika virus
CDC media statement from May 20
Male-to-male sexual transmission of Zika virus — Texas, January 2016
CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) from April 15
Survey of blood collection centers and implementation of guidance
for prevention of transfusion-transmitted Zika virus infection — Puerto Rico, 2016
MMWR from April 15
Estimating contraceptive needs and increasing access to contraception in response
to the Zika virus disease outbreak — Puerto Rico, 2016
MMWR from March 25
Travel-associated Zika virus disease cases among U.S. residents —
United States, January 2015–February 2016
MMWR from March 18
Zika virus infection among U.S. pregnant travelers — August 2015–February 2016
MMWR from March 4
Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travelers to areas of ongoing
transmission — continental United States, 2016
MMWR from March 4
Notes from the field: Evidence of Zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues
from 2 congenitally infected newborns and 2 fetal losses—Brazil, 2015
MMWR from Feb. 10
Increase in reported prevalence of microcephaly in infants born to women living in
areas with confirmed Zika virus transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy —
Brazil, 2015
MMWR from March 8
Zika virus emergency preparedness and response
Latest information from the WHO
Zika virus infection
Information and resources from the PAHO and WHO
Zika virus spreads to new areas: Region of the Americas
MMWR from Jan. 22
Clinical Guidance
Zika virus—what clinicians need to know
CDC webinar from Jan. 26
CPT codes for Zika-related imaging and lab test procedures
Last updated April 15
Diagnostic testing of urine specimens for suspected Zika virus infection
CDC Health Advisory from May 25
Updated interim guidance for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus —
United States, 2016 MMWR from April 1
Updated interim guidance for health care providers caring for women of reproductive
age with possible Zika virus exposure — United States, 2016
MMWR from March 25
Preventing transmission of Zika virus in labor and delivery settings through
implementation of standard precautions — United States, 2016
MMWR from March 22
Updated interim guidelines for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus —
United States, 2016
CDC Health Advisory from Feb. 23
Interim guidelines for health care providers caring for infants and children with possible
Zika virus infection
MMWR from Feb. 19
Recommendations for donor screening, deferral, and product management to reduce
the risk of transfusion-transmission of Zika virus
FDA guidance Feb. 2016
Updated interim guidelines for health care providers caring for pregnant women and
women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure
MMWR from Feb. 12
Updated interim guidelines for the evaluation and testing of infants with possible
congenital Zika virus infection
MMWR from Feb. 26
Interim guidelines for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak
MMWR from Jan. 22
Possible association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly
MMWR from Jan. 22
Questions and answers for health care providers caring for pregnant women and
women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure
CDC resource updated Feb. 9
Recognizing, managing and reporting Zika virus infections in travelers returning
from Central America, South America, the Caribbean and Mexico
CDC Health Advisory from Jan. 15
Medical Journal Articles
On the seasonal occurrence and abundance of the Zika Virus vector mosquito
Aedes Aegypti in the contiguous United States
PLOS Current Outbreaks published March 16
Is the United States prepared for a major Zika virus outbreak?
JAMA Viewpoint published April 13
Zika virus
New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) from March 30
Pregnancy in the time of Zika: addressing barriers for developing vaccines
and other measures for pregnant women
JAMA Viewpoint published March 22
Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro — preliminary report
NEJM from March 4
Infectious Zika viral particles in breast milk
Lancet Correspondence from March 1
Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia:
a case-control study
Lancet from Feb. 26
Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil:
a case study
Lancet Infectious Disease from Feb. 17
“Pregnancy in the time of Zika: addressing barriers for developing vaccines and
other measures for pregnant women”
JAMA Viewpoint published Feb. 24
“Researchers focus on solving the Zika riddles”
Commentary on establishing causality, vaccine research, and containment
published in JAMA Feb. 24
“What pediatricians and other clinicians should know about Zika virus”
JAMA Pediatrics Viewpoint published Feb. 18
“Ocular findings in infants with microcephaly associated with presumed
Zika virus congenital infection in Salvador, Brazil”
Significant new clinical data on the Zika virus and infants, published online
in JAMA Ophthalmology, Feb. 9
“Zika virus infection and the eye”
Commentary on ocular findings in infants, published online in
JAMA Ophthalmology, Feb. 9
“The emerging Zika pandemic: Enhancing preparedness”
JAMA Viewpoint published Jan. 27
“Anticipating the international spread of Zika virus from Brazil”
Published in The Lancet, Jan. 23
“Zika virus in the Americas—yet another arbovirus threat”
Commentary published in The New England Journal of Medicine, Jan. 13
(e-publication ahead of print)
Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus
CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases dispatch from Feb. 2015
Medical Products
Zika virus response updates
Latest from FDA
FDA allows use of investigational test to screen blood donations for Zika virus
FDA press release from March 30
Occupational Exposure
Interim guidance for protecting workers from occupational exposure to Zika Virus
OSHA and NIOSH guidance from April 22
Research
Potential research priorities to inform public health and medical practice
for domestic Zika virus: workshop in brief
Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary from Feb. 16
Notice of NIAID’s interest to highlight high-priority Zika virus research areas
Research notice by the National Institutes of Health from Jan. 22
Vector Control
Interim recommendations for Zika vector control in the continental United States
CDC from March 18
FDA announces comment period for draft environmental assessment for
genetically engineered mosquito
FDA from March 11
Advocacy Letters
AMA Letter to the House, May 26, 2016
AMA Letter to the Senate, May 26, 2016
http://tinyurl.com/pxbe3hv
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WEBBIB1617
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David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 – 4584
jwne@temple.edu
http://workface.com/e/daviddillard
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Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
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